Hi guys,
About a year ago I wrote an elaborate article about how to learn Hungarian, step by step, from the very beginning. I just refined it based on my tutoring experience and another year of running a website on which I and my non-Hungarian partner help others master the language.
Thought I'd share the article here, and highlight the most important steps:

1. Master the Hungarian Alphabet and Pronunciation

There’s no way to get around knowing the alphabet extraordinarily well when you learn Hungarian. Seriously, don’t even consider learning anything else before you have a firm grasp of the alphabet and the Hungarian pronunciation. Put in this effort at the very beginning and it’ll save you tons of time and sweat later on.
It's a lot easier to learn the right pronunciation than to un-learn the wrong pronunciation. No (written) vocab is of use if people don't understand what you want to say. So nail these accents, digraphs, and the trigraph.🔨😉
We have a guide to the alphabet here.
I also embedded 3 videos here in the article that explain the consonants, vowels, and spelling rules, respectively.

2. Understand Agglutination, the Nature of the Language

By this, I don't mean nail all the suffixes and prefixes but understand what agglutination is and how it works.
We can just as well call agglutination the essence of the language – it’s one of those distinguishing elements that make Hungarian so Hungarian. Agglutination is related to glue and is the process to stick all those prefixes and suffixes to the beginnings and endings of the words, and thereby express time, location, relationships, and everything else grammar is for.
That’s how the insanely long words come about – instead of in our house (3 words in English), Hungarians say házunkban (house-our-in) and use one word only.
Other famous agglutinating languages are Turkish, Korean, and Japanese.
In contrast, English is an analytical language. Instead of gluing directly to the words, it uses helper words (e.g. prepositions) to convey relationships.
German and Spanish, on the other hand, are fusional languages and are characterized by their systems of declensions (changing the form of the words) and verb conjugations.
Here's how agglutination works.

3. Understand the Hungarian Word Order

Again, understand how it works in principle and you'll get why Hungarians deem your sentences wrong or weird even though they're technically correct.
Another factor that distinguishes Hungarian from other, more common languages is its topic-prominent sentence structure. In Hungarian, word order isn’t defined by regular sentence constituents (subject, verb, object) but rather by the speaker’s communicative intentions – what the speaker wants to emphasize.
You’ll often hear Hungarian has a flexible word order, but it’s not true. It just follows other rules than most languages and word order is about the topic in question, not about the grammatical ingredients of the sentence.
I explain this here with a specific example sentence of "I'm going to the doctor" and how switching around the words creates different meanings of the sentence in Hungarian.

4. Learn the Numbers

Numbers are everywhere and the most rational among us will argue you can explain the entire world with them. While I’m not sure about that, dealing with numbers is something you won’t find your way around easily. I’m not gonna lie, it won’t be the most fun activity of your Hungarian-journey but to understand how counting works in Hungarian is overall an easy win.
Important: A no-brainer, but I want to emphasize you should learn every number and its (fast!) pronunciation. Hungarian cashiers hold the world record for their speed of pronouncing 5-digit numbers and it’s really frustrating to not understand what someone says, even though technically you know all words.
Here’s how to learn the Hungarian numbers:
This article explains how to learn the Hungarian numbers in 9 straightforward steps, including their pronunciation, ordinals, and how to talk about time and dates.
The app Foreign Numbers is your best friend when you learn to understand the spoken numbers. It’s basically a listening comprehension trainer for numbers where you can define the range of numbers you want to practice. It’s smart, helpful, and free.

5. Prepare and Start Learning the 500 Most Frequent Hungarian Words

While you don’t need to know all of them before you move on, this is the vocab list you should start with.
Around 300 words make out 65% of all written material in English and with 2,000 words you have 80% of all conversations and texts covered. When it comes to learning Hungarian (or any language, really!) the Pareto Principle, aka Law of the Vital Few applies. The 500 most frequent Hungarian words are the ones you’ll encounter frequently – in written texts, conversations, movies, songs, books, you name it – they’re everywhere. If you focus on these first it’ll help you stay on track and see what is and isn’t essential.
The list of the 500 most frequent Hungarian words comes as a bonus with the PDF-version of the article.

6. Have Your References Ready

After you learned the alphabet and numbers, make sure you have the following Hungarian-learning ingredients close and add them to your shopping cart if necessary:

The alphabet – printed, with everything that helps you pronounce each sound (example words, little drawings, etc.). You can find our downloadable cheat sheet here where you can add your own comments.
A good Hungarian Phrasebook such as Lonely Planet’s Hungarian Phrasebook – as your dictionary. It cuts through the noise and is way cheaper and a lot more practical than a proper dictionary which you really don’t need right now. Use the dictionary at the end.
A good grammar book – one you like and find comprehensible. We’re not gonna lie, there aren’t many of them. Routledge’s Hungarian Grammar is a great choice.

Additionally, I listed plenty of (mostly) free online resources here worth bookmarking, and here's another, elaborate list of Hungarian resources for various topics (pronunciation, vocab, grammar, teachers & tutors, etc.).

7. Build Your First Script

To get a basic feeling for the language and your first boost of confidence it’s important you have a basic conversational script ready. This means nothing more than to learn to talk a tiny bit about yourself and ask some basic questions.
After initial greetings, first conversations usually turn towards where you live and what you do. Just think about how you would typically introduce yourself in your mother tongue and translate this into Hungarian.
Here’s my personal quick introduction as an example, along with a few questions you can ask your conversational counterpart and possible answers.

8. Immerse, immerse, and immerse more

Useful immersion still is in a combination of listening, reading, and speaking. Research shows when we communicate we spend 45% listening, 30% speaking, 16% reading, and 9% writing.

How to immerse through listening
What you need for a useful listening experience is tons of native, natural material that comes with a transcript. A transcript is kind of the key to the kingdom – the way you’ll get through to everything you cannot grasp by pure listening. Native material paired with a transcript is like taking part in real-life conversations with a remote control which helps you to pause, rewind and repeat what’s been said – at a slower speed if necessary.
This cures the usual drawbacks of the disheartening listening practices most Hungarian learners do (like listen to the radio, watch a movie or listen to textbook conversations that don’t help in real life).
Along with a listening course (The Smart Hungarian Audio Course) you can find on our homepage we offer a free video + email course about the exact steps on how to create and work your way through your own listening material – it’s great if you’re not ready to spend money but have a little time on your hands.

How to immerse through reading
Hungarian is one of those languages in which you cannot ignore the grammar totally, even at the beginning. Due to its agglutinative nature described above every word you learn is subject to frequent change within a sentence. Reading will help you understand how all those suffixes and prefixes work.
What to read, however, now that news pieces and children’s books are out of the way?
Our tip: Read something you’re genuinely interested in.
Material that engages and excites you is crucial for language-learning. If you don’t like what you read you’ll never stick to your reading habit.
Instead of complicated news pieces, read a Hungarian blog you’d also read in your own language. Here’s our comprehensive list. The next time you want to read up on something, try to Google it in Hungarian and see where it takes you.
It’s also essential to always listen to what you read. No new word or grammar rule will be of use if people don’t understand what you say, and vice versa.
Unfortunately, we didn’t come across the perfect Hungarian reading material yet – one which consists of the most important words comes with an audiobook and a translation…
… that’s why we created our own.😉
Our Smart Hungarian Short Stories is a course that teaches Hungarian through the magic of story. You can find a link to it on our webpage and in the article.
In it, 8 short stories of various genres become the course syllabus. The vocabulary and grammar you learn are based on the gripping content you read.

9. Learn Vocabulary - The Right Way

we recommend you start to learn vocabulary (apart from the 500 most frequent words mentioned above which you learn parallelly) only after you started (and based on) your immersion practice. This way, you’ll avoid learning irrelevant vocabulary you’ll never use and learn all vocabulary as applied in real life.
I saw many Hungarian-learners start out by learning various word lists (greetings, animals, or even home appliances) and become frustrated, as they couldn’t apply what they have learned in real-life conversations.
After you tackled a spoken conversation or an exciting story you’ll be left with plenty of new words and expressions. It’s tempting to start hammering them all into your brain, but there’s a more effective and sophisticated way to do this:
Learn vocabulary based on your personal needs and goals
No one else but you can make the decision of which words to actually learn. No app, vocabulary book, or even frequency list can tell you exactly what you need to achieve your Hungarian-learning goals.
While it’s tempting to be hyper-motivated and squeeze as many words into your brain as possible you’re much better off if you focus on what is important for YOU and your learning.
This is easier said than done. Often, we simply don't know which words are essential and which aren’t – as everything can seem both very important and unimportant at the same time.
Here are a few guidelines for which words to learn from an audio conversation or the reading material of your choice, including an example of a word list and how to decide what to learn from it.

How to learn vocabulary - about the Spaced Repetition System (SRS)
You’ve probably been told in order to remember something you’ll need to repeat it as often as possible. This rote repetition mindset is what led many of us frenetically to read study material again and again before a test at school or university. While an all-nighter filled with repetition sessions definitely helps to save the day and pass the exam, there seems to be something in the air that made us forget every single thing we’ve learned after handing in the test.
The lesson? Rote repetition is good to pass university exams. However, it’s terrible for language learning, as it’s useless for your long-term memory.
Spaced repetition is the opposite of rote repetition. Instead of drilling something by force, you can consider it a way gentler (and more efficient!) approach to learning. With a spaced repetition system you’ll recall your vocabulary right before you’re most likely to forget it. The repetition occurs at pre-determined intervals that get bigger and bigger as time passes. Answering why exactly spaced repetition works would go beyond the scope of this article and tap into the world of neuroscience, but it’s a method polyglots swear by for decades.

Anki as the language-learners’ best tool for using the Spaced Repetition System:
The terms Spaced Repetition System and Anki go hand in hand.
In short: Making vocabulary more memorable by involving your senses and via using spaced repetition is your best bet for learning vocabulary. To apply this method we suggest using Anki, as it offers the most room and opportunities for customization and the maximization of your learning efficiency.
Here are some resources to starting out with Anki.
The Anki Online Manual including some video tutorials about the basics such as:

The Anki subreddit is also a great community of 65k learners.

Emotions and your senses as the beating heart of vocab-learning
Vocabulary connected to memories with all your senses involved is a lot more memorable.
That's why most people can easily recall Egészségedre! ("Cheers!" ) but have trouble with simpler words. They associate positive emotions, like the fun of a Budapest-pub crawl or drinking with their Hungarian friends with the word.
Here are three actionable steps you can take instantly to make your flashcards more memorable (scroll down a little!).

10. Practice speaking – it’s time to get real

First, I want to dispel the myth that you have to be or live in Hungary to practice speaking the language, as this is plain BS. Since you read this guide, chances are you have internet access and this is all you need to speak any language you want, anytime, from anywhere.
Online video calls such as Skype enable us to do this. The only questions are where to look for conversation partners, what kind of conversation partner to look for, and how to practice with a conversation partner in the most efficient way.
The right Hungarian conversation partner for you
You have three options: To practice with a tandem language partner, a tutor, or a proper Hungarian teacher. Both of these options have their pros and cons.
Tandem partners are usually free but the exchange relies on its mutuality. This means your language partner wants to practice your mother tongue with you as well. Since your partner doesn’t have all the skills that require teaching a language, designing your progress here is mostly up to you if you want to make the most of your practice. Also, prepare your language tandem mostly won’t be able to answer all your questions regarding specific grammar rules or even vocabulary. This means you’ll probably have to do a lot of extra work after the exchanges.
If you don’t want to spend money and don’t mind giving back by helping with your mother tongue and are a structured person who doesn’t need much hand-holding, a tandem partner is a great solution.
Conversing with a tutor usually has a fee lower than learning with a teacher. Tutors have experience teaching the language and are able to answer most of your questions. They don’t hold a teaching degree, however, so a large part of structuring and topic design will still be up to you and your efforts.
If you're ready to spend a little money, are ready to look some things up for yourself but prefer a little structure and guidance, and don’t want to teach your own language yourself, a language tutor is what you want.
Practicing with a teacher costs money (but has become very affordable!) and the focus will be solely on you and your learning progress. A teacher will most likely have a certain kind of syllabus, will design the lessons according to your level, and will be able to answer all the questions you have regarding the language.
If you want structure, guidance immediate answers and are ready to spend money, a language teacher will work best for you.
Here's how to find teachers, tutors, and language partners (scroll down a little).

How to make the most of your lessons
Before every lesson, it’s important you know what you want to get out of it. Maybe you want to perfect talking about yourself or maybe there’s something in the natural conversational audio that you want to dive deeper into. Perhaps you want to learn to talk business, talk about skiing, hiking, or the last book you read. Whatever it is – make it relevant to you. Don’t talk about things you won’t encounter in real life.
Make sure you have all your necessary references open during the conversation: an online dictionary, a relevant word list for your topic, Google Translate or whatever you find helpful.
Your main goal should be to not switch to English; to simply eliminate that option. Your conversations with your language partners should come as close to real-life, full-on Hungarian conversations as humanely possible.

What about real-life conversations?
Have them, whenever you can. Following this guide isn’t about shielding yourself from practicing Hungarian IRL. It’s rather a more structured approach to reach your goal. We saw learners solely rely on textbooks and others solely rely on becoming streetsmart and just picking it up on the side via daily conversations with friends and family – none of them worked. That’s the reason I wrote this guide – to provide you with more structure and show you what works instead.

It’s time!

Learning Hungarian (or any language) is a rewarding, enriching, and fun adventure and it’s important you perceive it that way. It’s a big project and requires work but so do all good things in life.

I'm curious about what you think of this guide and would love to read about your experiences.

How did you approach your learning so far?
What's your single biggest challenge currently?/Where did you get stuck?
What are your experiences with the various steps above (e.g working with a tutor, learning vocab, etc.)
Anything else that comes to mind?

Happy learning - jó tanulást!💚🇭🇺

Guide : How to Understand a Latin Dictionary

Introduction

Reading a dictionary seems like it should be something that isn't too difficult to understand without reading the instructions, but in many cases, this simply isn't true; much like in text speak common terms can be reduced to informal spellings (think ttyl or wuu2) for ease of brevity, the same is done for Latin dictionaries. The only downside to this is that it can sometimes be difficult to gauge what a dictionary is telling you amongst all the shorthand. This article assumes you're aware Latin has grammatical case and gender, but apart from that, you don't need to have any proficiency whatsoever.

Common Abbreviations in Dictionaries

Primarily, it's important to make sure that common terms that will occur in a dictionary are understood. The following are common abbreviations used by dictionaries; you don't need to memorise these, but it may help to at least be aware of them:

Often the cases will be expressed with their first three letters, e.g. nom. voc. abl.
Often the genders are reduced to m./masc., f./fem., and n./neu. respectively
abbr. = the term is an abbreviation
acc. to = according to
act. = active (e.g. I eat as opposed to I am eaten)
adj. = adjective
adv./advbs. = adverb
cf. = confeconferatur (compare)
conj. = conjunction/connective
defect. = the term is defective (doesn't have the full conjugation pattern)
dep. = deponent (the term conjugates in the passive to give an active meaning)
exclam. = the term is an exclamation
imper. = the term is a command (imperative) or the term is impersonal
interrog. = the term is a "question word"
irreg. = the term is irregular (doesn't follow the expected conjugation)
neg. = the term makes the sentence negative
prep. = preposition
prop. = properly
reflex. = reflexive (the verb requires the reflexive pronoun)
sg. = the noun is singular
v. = the term is a verb

These are only the general ones you may run into, and each dictionary has their own abbreviations they use, especially for more well-known authors and their respective works; to find the meaning of a specific abbreviation, every dictionary should have a General List of Abbreviations. Here is the list for Lewis & Short Latin Dictionary, generally considered the best of the English-language Latin dictionaries available.

What are Lemmata?

A lemma, put simply, is the main form of any word — the one you would recognise when reading a dictionary. To give an example in English, bigger is a form of the lexeme big, as is cities to city, the latter of which are the entries you would find the terms alphabetised under in a dictionary.
To see an example in Latin, amāvimus, amātūrō, and amāvisse are all forms of the verb amō, which is the term one would want to look up in a dictionary to find the entry for the verb to love.
In many cases, without being already familiar with a word, it can be impossible to identify the lemma form of a noun given only an unknown form of it; matris, for example, could have any of the following terms as its lemma: mater, **matra, **matrus, matrum, matris, where two of those aren't even real words. The only way to perfect knowing the lemma form of any word you run into is to learn it — since you are reading this article it can be presumed that you'll have no objection to learning Latin.
A very useful tool for working out the lemma form of a noun is this tool here, which gives you the lemma for each possible word it could be along with the ability to search for any use of that word in attested works, and the link to a dictionary entry for it. Likewise, it's always good practice to try to predict the lemma form before using this tool.

What are the Principal Parts of a Word?

In Latin, there exist declensions and conjugation groups in which each word will follow the same pattern, so I know that every first declension noun will decline -a, -ae, -ae -am etc. To know how to properly decline/conjugate a word, we must be told a little more about it: this comes in the form of principal parts. Adjectives have two or three (adjectives with two principal parts are known as two-termination adjectives), nouns have two, and verbs have four (dictionaries often don't list the second principal part as it can be inferred from the verb's conjugation group). To give an example, friō comes up in the L&S (Lewis & Short) dictionary as "frĭo, āvi, ātum, 1", which is to be interpreted as "friō, friāvī, friātum, first conjugation" (dictionaries often don't mark vowel lengths when it can be inferred, which is one of the reasons why it is so important to become familiarised with the general conjugation paradigms).

Vowel Length and Syllable Quantities

As a Latin learner, you’ve probably heard of vowel length – that in Latin a vowel can be pronounced for two different lengths. Syllables, in fact, also have length – most notably significant in poetry – and are likewise either long or short; this is called syllable quantity.
Traditionally, long vowels are written with a macron (ā ē ī ō ū ȳ) and short vowels with a breve (ă ĕ ĭ ŏ ŭ ў), and both if both alternations occur (as in ĕgō̆); here are a few rules that can help identify length when left unmarked:

Any vowel after another vowel or “h” is short: viă = vĭă; nihĭl = nĭhĭl (some notable exceptions do apply such as the -iēī suffix in fifth declension nouns).
A diphthong (two vowels pronounced as a “glide” from one to another) is long; in Latin, these are “ui”, “ei”, “eu”, “oe”, “ae”, “au”, and “yi” (the latter extremely rare from Greek loanwords only).
A vowel derived from a diphthong is long: ĕxcludō = ĕxclūdō (prop. ĕx-claudō).
A vowel formed from a contraction is long: mi = mī (prop. mĭhĭ).
Any vowel before the consonant clusters “ns”, “nf” and “gn” is long: ămans = ămāns. (Please note that the rule specifically for gn is disputed, and may not be the case for every instance.)
A vowel before the clusters “nd” and “nt” is often (but not in every single instance) short: sĕcundŭs = sĕcŭndŭs; ămantēs = ămăntēs.
A sort of not-rule, these rules only apply to words of Latin origin. This may sound obvious, but Latin takes many words from the Classical Greek language, words which would thusly not follow the same phonological restrictions as a word of Italic origin.

The following are the rules for determining the quantity (long or short) of a syllable:

Any syllable containing a long vowel or diphthong is called long by nature, such as the first syllables of “mā-tĕr”, “au-dăx”, and “ī-ră”.
A vowel coming before two (or more) consonants (except “l” or “r” which are called mute in this position), or double consonants “x” and “z” makes the syllable that vowel it is in long, such as in the first syllables of “ĕst”, “hăs-tă” and “ĭn-trā”; this also goes for double consonants, such as “ăn-nŭs” and “mĭt-tō”, and is called long by position.
If the final syllable of a word ends in a consonant, this is another example of a syllable being long by position, such as in “ăl-tĕr” and “ăl-tŭs”.
A syllable with a vowel of “a”, “e”, “o” or “u” followed by “i” – irrelevant of length – is short, occasionally marked with a circumflex (â ê î ô û ŷ) to show the shortening, such as "â-iō" and "pê-iŏr".

Lewis & Short Dictionary Entry Examples

L&S is a Latin-to-English dictionary (linked here) generally considered among classicists to be one of the best dictionaries available for Latin. Given that these are dictionary entries, there are going to be some grammatical terms used with which you may be yet to learn, however terms will be explained as and when necessary.
Here is the entry for "īnsula":

1. insŭla, ae, f. [in-sul; cf. con-sul, prop. in-land].
I. An island, isle, whether formed by the sea, a lake, or a river: insulam Britanniam, Cic. Fam.15, 16, 2; id. de Imp. Pomp. 11 fin.; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 64, § 144; Verg. A. 1, 159; 3, 211: in lacu, Cic.Mil. 27, 74: Rheni amnis, Tac. G. 29; Ov. F. 1, 292: in medio flumine nata, Gai. Inst. 2, 72 al.
B. Transf.: apud fustitudinas ferricrepinas insulas, i. e. the mills in which, as apunishment, slaves were forced to grind, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 18.
II. A house for poor people, which was let out in portions to several families; opp. domus, whichwas the mansion of a rich family, Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66: intellego Clodii insulam esse venalem, id.Cael. 7, 17; Tac. A. 6, 45; 15, 43; Suet. Tib. 48; id. Caes. 41; Mart. 4, 37, 4 al.; sometimes also ofa single lodging in such a house, Suet. Ner. 38; cf. Preller, Regionen der Stadt Rom, p. 86 sq.;Becker, Gallus, 2, p. 146 sq. 2d edit.
III. A temple (eccl.); cf. Is. Voss. ad Just. 32, 2, 2.

Primarily, we can see the principal parts, namely "insŭla, ae"; this tells us that īnsula is a first declension feminine ("f.") noun, and as such we know how to decline it. Next, there is, contained in square braces, the phrase “[in-sul; cf. con-sul, prop. in-land]”; this text is reanalysing īnsula as “in-sul”, and comparing it to “con-sul” (written out fully, it would be something like “īnsula can be reanalysed as in-sul, much like cōnsul and con-sul, and can be interpreted as in-land”).
Following this, come the English definitions of the term; for each of these, there is a definition, followed by an example attested in a text, and (in II,) an example of a word that means the opposite. As dictionaries have abbreviations for grammatical terms and frequently used words, so do they for classical works of literature; to take an example from the first sense of īnsula, “Cic. Fam. 15, 16, 2” is short for “Cicero, Epistulae ad Familiares, book 15, letter 16, section 2”: on looking this up, we can find the text “sed si insulam Britanniam coepero cogitare” (“but if I begin thinking about Britain…”), which indeed uses the word īnsula in the expression “insulam Britanniam” (“the British island”). The subsequent references do not contain quotes, but looking them up will provide numerous references to the term’s usage in a particular sense, which can be invaluable when dealing with a sparsely attested term.
Indented under the first sense of meaning, there is a quote from Plautus’ Asinaria, “apud fustitudinas ferricrepinas insulas” (“in the mills where slaves were forced to grind”), which is listed as transferred (transf.) from the original meaning.
Likewise, the second sense of īnsula is further described with “opp. Domus”; this intends to further make clear this sense of the word by giving its antonym (opp. = opposite), in this case the pauperism of īnsula compared to the affluence of domus.
The final third sense is described as only being “eccl.”, that being ecclesiastic, in use – often words will have special meanings under certain environments, such as the word “rēte”, which usually means “fishing net” but in New Latin has the added meaning of “internet” by calque (word-for-word translation) of the English clipping (shortening) “’net” for “the Internet” (L&S doesn’t actually include New Latin entries, however).

To give a second example, here is the entry for the verb “pariō” (try to see if you can make sense of any of it yourself before reading the explanation):

1. părĭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. [par].
I. Act.
A. In gen., to make equal; hence, pass., with force of mid., to be equal (postclass.): pariarideo, Tert. Res. Carn. 6.
B. In partic., to settle, pay in full a debt: nummos alicui, Dig. 40, 1, 4: QVISQVIS MENSIB.CONTINENTER NON PARIAVERIT, has not paid his share, Inscr. Lanuv. (a. p. Chr. 136) inMomms. Collegg. et Sodalicc. Romann. In part. perf. mid.: PARIATVS, that has paid hisshare, Inscr. Lanuv. in Momms. Collegg. et Sodalicc. Romann.
II. Neutr., to be equal, Tert. Anim. 30 fin.; 32 fin.
2. părĭo, pĕpĕri, părĭtum, and partum, 3 (fut. part. parturam, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 86; fut. paribis for paries, Pompon. Non. 508, 3; inf. parire, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 59 Müll., and in Diom. p. 378 P.; Plaut. Fragm. ap. Philarg. Verg. E. 2, 63), v. a. [cf. Gr. root πορ- in ἔπορον, gave, πέπρωται, is fated; Lat. portio, partus, puerpera, perh. parare], to bring forth, to bear; of animals, to drop, lay, spawn, etc. (syn. gigno).
I. Lit.: si quintum pareret mater ejus, asinum fuisse pariturum, Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 267: ut ealiberos ex sese pareret, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 3: gallinas teneras, quae primum parient,concludat, Cato, R. R. 89; so, quae gallina id ovum peperisset, Cic. Ac. 2, 18, 57; cf.: ova pariresolet, etc., Enn. l. l. (Ann. v. 10 Vahl.): nam audivi feminam ego leonem semel parire, Plaut. l.l.Of plants, to flower, Plin. 16, 25, 39, § 94.
B. Transf.:
1. Of males, to beget (poet.): apud tragicos: et jam leo pariet, at pater est, Quint. 8,6, 34; Caecil. ap. Non. 464, 22 (in a corrupt passage).
2. In gen., to bring forth, produce: ligna putrefacta per imbres Vermiculos pariunt,Lucr. 2, 899: ut sarmentum in pariendis colibus vires habeat majores, Varr. R. R. 1,32, 2; cf. id. ib. 1, 41, 5: fruges et reliqua, quae terra pariat, Cic. N. D. 1, 2; Plin. 16,37, 68, § 174; 31, 10, 46, § 112: spiritum, Vulg. Isa. 26, 18.
II. Trop., to produce, create, bring about, accomplish, occasion, devise, invent, procure, acquire, etc. (syn.: genero, creo, gigno): ars dicendi habet hanc vim, non ut aliquid pariat et procreet, verum ut educet atque confirmet, Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 356: qui famam multo peperere labore, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 4, 188 (Ann. v. 427 Vahl.): dolorem, voluptatem, Cic. Fin. 1, 15, 49: discidium, Lucr. 1, 220: taedium, Quint. 9, 4, 43: spinosiora multa pepererunt, Cic. Or. 32, 114; so, quibus etiam verba parienda sunt, id. Fin. 3, 1, 3; and: hinc fabulae Scyllam et Charybdim peperere, Just. 4, 1, 13: ne quicquam nobis pariant ex se incommodi, Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 17: alicui aegritudinem, id. Trin. 2, 2, 35: fiduciam, Sall. H. 1, 41, 22 Dietsch: alicni curas, Prop. 1, 18, 23: obsequium amicos, veritas odium parit, Ter. And. 1, 1, 41: sibi maximam laudem, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 47: meis laboribus dignitas salusque pariatur, id. Cat. 4, 1, 1; id. Sull. 17, 49: praedā improbe partā, id. Fin. 1, 16, 51: aliquem honeste partis bonis privare, id. Quint. 23, 74; id. Sull. 28, 77: sibi salutem, Caes. B. C. 3, 69: ante partam rei militaris gloriam amittere, id. B. G. 6, 39: gratiam ingentem apud aliquem, Liv. 34, 44: sibi decus et victoriam, id. 30, 14: amicos officio et fide, Sall. J. 10, 4: alicui somnum mero, Tib. 1, 7, 27 (6, 23): qui sibi letum Insontes peperere manu, Verg. A. 6, 434; Tib. 4, 13, 20.Hence, partus**,** a, um, P. a., that has borne: parta nutrici consociata, etc., the ewe that has dropped the lamb, Col. 7, 4, 3.
B. Gained, acquired.Hence, as subst.: parta,** ōrum, n., acquisitions, possessions: quod majusdedecus est parta amittere, quam omnino non paravisse, Sall. J. 31, 17; cf. id. C. 51, 42; d. H.1, 41, 17 Dietsch: tantis parta malis curā majore metuque Servantur, Juv. 14, 303.
3. părĭo, īre, the ground form of aperio and operio.

Now this entry contains many more terms and examples which may be more foreign to you, but the same logic can be applied (as well as that handy abbreviations page) as with the other entry to make sense of it.
The term “pariō” is, in fact, the lemma form for three different entries, hence why the results show three different sections.
First, we have three of the four participles followed by some notes on the verb “părĭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. [par]”; the 1 means that the verb is first conjugation, and the “v. a. and an. [par]” means that the verb can be transitive (a. = active) or intransitive (n. = neutral), and is derived from the adjective “pār”, meaning “equal”.
The first sense given is “to make equal”, which takes a genitive (gen.) object, and in postclassical Latin, has the passive meaning of “to be equal”, “with a force of mid.” (mid. = middle, where the agent of the verb acts on itself). Next, the entry points out that, in particular (partic. = particular) sense, the verb can mean “to settle/pay in full a debt”, which is then shown in the sentence “quisquis mensibus (mensib. = mensibus) continenter non pariaverit” (“each month continuously he has (literally: will have) not paid off his debt”). Likewise, there is also another intransitive (neut. = neutral) sense of the verb – a verb that need not take an object – “to be equal”, attested in Tertullian’s treatise De Anima (“Tert. Anim.”).
Continuing through the definitions, we arrive at the second term that has a lemma of “pariō”. The principal parts are listed initially as “părĭo, pĕpĕri, părĭtum, and partum, 3”, which lists two possible supines (the fourth principal part) of the verb. Next, we encounter some more notes on how the conjugation changes under different attestations of the verb, such as a future participle (fur. part.) of “partūrus” in Plautus’s Amphitryon, a future tense of “paribis” in Pomponius’ Atellanae, and a nonstandard infinitive “parīre” in Ennius’ Annales.
Next, much like in the earlier example, comes a half-etymology comparing (cf. = compare) the relation between Latin “pariō, peperī” and Classical Greek “ἔπορον, πέπρωται”, and then gives several examples of other Latin words with the same “papor-” root.
Then the term is defined, “to bring forth, to bear”, as well as a synonym (syn. = synonym) “gignō, genuī, genitum”.
Below this, we are given a list of attestations of the verb in its literal (lit. = literal) meaning, such as in Cicero’s De Oratore and Ad Familiares, as well as another sense of the verb when talking about plants – “to flower” – attested in Pliny the Elder’s Naturalis Historia.
Under “B”, there is listed an extension of meaning (transf. = transferred) when talking about males meaning “to beget”, and likewise “to produce” in conjunction with the genitive (gen. = genitive).
The second sense of this term is listed as figurative (trop. = tropical), meaning “to produce” or “to acquire”, and has listed several synonyms as well as attestations in texts. There also exists a substantive (verb-to-noun) derivation of the term “parta”, meaning “acquisitions, possessions”, likewise followed with attestations.
Finally, there is a third entry listed as the ground form of verbs “aperiō” and “operiō”, that being a form deduced to have existed despite there being no actual attestations of its existence.

Exercises

To see how well you can understand dictionary entries, here are snippets of different entries from L&S in increasing difficulty:

melliflŭus, a, um, adj. [mel-fluo], flowing with honey, honey-dropping (post-class.).

ne-scĭo, īvi or ĭi, ītum, 4,
I. v. a., not to know, to be ignorant (syn. ignoro)

sĭne (old form sē or sēd; v. the foll.), prep. with abl. [si and ne; si, the demonstrative instrumental, and the negative ne; hence, nesi was also found, Fest. p. 165; cf. Rib. Beiträge, p. 15; Corss. Ausspr. 1, 201; 1, 778].

dŭŏdĕcăjŭgum, i, n. [vox hybr., δυόδεκα + jugum], a team of twelve animals, Ambros. in Psa. 118, Serm. 4.

ĕgō̆ (ŏ always in poets of the best age, as Cat., Verg., Hor., etc.; ō ante-class. and post-Aug., as Juv. 17, 357; Aus. Epigr. 54, 6, v. Corss. Ausspr. 2, 483; gen. mei; dat. mihi; acc. And abl. me; plur., nom., and acc. nos; gen., mostly poet., nostrum; gen. obj. nostri, rarely nostrum; for the gen. possess. the adj. noster was used, q. v.; cf. Roby, Gram. 1, § 388; dat. and abl. nobis; mi in dat. for mihi, part.
II. Emphasized.
A. By the suffixes met and pte: Am. Quis te verberavit? So. Egomet memet, Plaut. Am. 2,1, 60: credebam primo mihimet Sosiae, id. ib. 2, 1, 50: quasi per nebulam nosmetscimus, id. Ps. 1, 5, 48: med erga, id. Capt. 2, 3, 56: cariorem esse patriam nobis quamnosmetipsos, Cic. Fin. 3, 1 fin. Et saep.: mihipte, Cato ap. Fest. p. 103: mepte fieriservom, Plaut. Men. 5, 8, 10.
B. By repetition: meme ad graviora reservat, Sil. 9, 651 (but Verg. A. 9, 427, is writtenme, me); cf.: met and pte.

Useful Recourses

The following are a list of very useful recourses it would be prudent to keep a note of:

Latinitium Dictionary – four searchable dictionaries in an accessible format.
Neo-Latin Lexicon – a list of terms (CTRL+F to search) for more modern terms for which Latin would otherwise not have words; the site is currently undergoing a rejig, but the entire lexicon is still available through sections Adumbratio and Silva.
Perseus – an indispensable recourse for finding classical texts, and attestations of terms in its wide body of classical texts.
Packhum – a site containing essentially all Latin texts before A.D. 200 (and a bunch from after), where you can search for attestations of words (under Word Search) as well as search through by author.
LacusCurtius – Latin (and Greek) texts with English and Latin/Greek versions available.
Internet Archive – a giant online library containing effectively everything of interest that’s been on the web since the ‘90s (including Latin materials). Here is a link searching for only Latin-language materials.
Wiktionary — a community-edited dictionary designed for all languages, with Latin included in that.
Whittaker's Words an online dictionary using both English-to-Latin and Latin-to-English entries.

I finished the Japanese tree on Duolingo last night! I have many tips and suggestions for those wishing to do likewise in the New Year

I posted an identical post on LanguageLearning, but because this community does not allow cross-posts but this is highly relevant, I thought I'd just manually post it again.
After 667 days of practice, I finally finished the Japanese tree on Duolingo. I can't say that I was an every-day studier, as there were certainly some weeks where I was simply reviewing basic lessons to keep the streak going, but in the end the daily push that Duolingo existed helped me make it to the end. I also don't have all the tree gilded, although I've got most of it to at least 2 crowns, and maintained much of what I learned through study methods I detail below.
So now here's my review of the tree: I think it's a very useful tool for learning Japanese. I'm already very fluent in Chinese, so kanji was never a challenge and I am realistic as to what it takes to learn a language. That being said, while I can tell the people who designed the course have tried their hardest, the limitations of the Duolingo system were very present throughout the learning process.

There's simply not enough grammar lessons, especially at higher levels. This can easily be supplemented by using websites like Tae Kim's or googling words or grammatical structures that the course doesn't adequately explain.
No kanji lessons or review. Luckily I already knew kanji from studying Chinese, so it was simply a matter of learning slight variants and the new pronunciations. Other people may need more supplements.
The course as it exists will not teach you how to conjugate well enough to manage a conversation. Fortunately there's apps that do this, I in particular enjoyed Japanese Conjugation City.
Words would not be introduced to you in their base forms, and you have to look up the kana used to write words that are introduced in just kanji. Even worse, there's no built-in system to review vocabulary. My solution was to keep long lists of words I was learning, and then create sporcle quizzes to test myself. I had to look up words on websites like jisho.org and wiktionary. I only started doing that around about where the initial first course of 40 lessons ended, though, although I retroactively created some for verbs and adjectives because I realized I hadn't retained this vocabularly.
Practice without the keyboard can be useful, but ultimately it gets too frustrating, especially at higher levels. English is simply so different from Japanese that there's too many ways to say everything. Once you get past the first 40 lessons or so, I find that the grammar gets too complicated and the alternatives dry up too much to be practical. The problem with Duolingo is that one tiny mistake is enough to mark a lesson wrong, even when there's an argument that the meaning was close enough. That being said, I think I'll use it somewhat to supplement speaking lessons which I hope to begin soon.

All of my criticisms aside, I think that this course really does throw the sink at you in terms of showing you what you need to learn to become an intermediate Japanese learner, even if it fails to make that material sink in on its own which necessitates looking for supplementary material. That being said, I still think putting Duolingo in the center of language learning at least until you reach intermediate level is the platform that has worked best for me. This tree is massive, and while I could have gone through this tree faster, as I certainly slacked off for a few months in there, for many learners 2 years is not an unreasonable pace. It doesn't necessarily give you the tools to learn everything, but those tools are readily available online. The best thing about Duolingo is that it gives you a resource that demands that you create Japanese sentences, and no other learning tool that I've seen really does that in the same way short of having a real-life Japanese speaker to work with.
Also, I have to give a shout-out to Language Learning with Netflix on Chrome is invaluable and everybody should get it. While Terrace House was a very useful thing to learn, so is Anime. Don't care what the haters say, you can easily look up the words you don't know that are used in anime like kisama and ending a sentence in zo and know not to do that yourself. It's still very much practical Japanese with normal grammatical structure and will help you out a lot. But I still think variety is good, but the most important thing is that you are enjoying the learning process, as that will make you do it more.
Ironically this is the second time I've finished the Japanese tree, as previously there was a Japanese tree that only covered 40 units. Now there's 131 units, so the new course has more than times as much content. Especially as the first course lacked much kanji, the first course felt like a tutorial while this one felt like the real thing. I was very glad that the second course got introduced just over a year ago, as I was getting bored with the first course when the second one arrived.
Now that I've finished this course, I've still got to review everything I've learned, which shouldn't be hard given the vocab lists I created. I also screenshot difficult sentences I encountered as I progressed along the course, so I can use those in grammar lessons in the future to see where my understanding of grammatical points is lacking. I can tell that if I continue to put a few hours in a week I will quickly be able to have Japanese conversations, although halting at first. I haven't been speaking much in Japanese at all except to myself, but honestly that doesn't really worry me. I have been avoiding speech deliberately, as that's something that comes much easier once you've become familiar with basic vocabulary and grammar already engrained. I have the tools to speak now, even though this part will take some time. If I'd been enrolled in Japanese classes I suppose I'd have a better environment for elementary conversations, but as a self-learner it's certainly the case that there's a steeper cliff. That being said, I am certainly eying italki to see what tutors may be the most useful.
So I help that this review of everything I've encountered with the Japanese course was useful to some of you! Please comment below if you have any other questions.

New pre-k teacher in American Spanish-speaking classroom. How can I learn to communicate with the kids?

The french conjugation part 2: how to conjugate?

In my last post, I exposed the very basics of the french conjugation, but today, I'll write about something more specific and problematic: how french conjugation really works?

In my last post, I already said that french conjugation is simply made like that: subject + verb + termination, so if you want to say "I'll eat", you take "Je" + mange" (radical of "manger") + rai (termination for "Je" in the "futur de l'indicatif" tense) which makes "je mangerai".
I also explained that verbs are divided in 3 groups (1er groupe -> -er group + 2ème groupe -> -ir group + 3° groupe -> irregular group) and each group can be divided in many sub groups (the group of the verbs that are conjugated like "manger", the group of verb that are conjugated like "venir",...)
A comment in my previous post also mentionned the Bescherelle which is a book for french conjugation. You should definitively check it (online version of it) as it will help you find how to conjugate a verb properly.

So with that in mind, you should be able to conjugate the regular verbs in french with the simple tenses. But, if there are "regular" verbs, there are also irregular verbs. Here is a good list of the irregular verbs for you all. Also, if there are "simple" tenses, there are tenses that are not simple. But dont worry, they are easy if you master the conjugation of "être" and "avoir". Let me explain:

Composed tense are tenses where the verbal group is like that: "subject + auxiliary + verb (in its participe passé form)". You are probably familiar with that syntax as it is also how the english verbs are conjugated in their composed tenses, and the similarities don't stop there. In french, the auxiliaries are "être" (to be) and "avoir" (to have). The verbs are always in their participe passé form which is made of the radical of the verb and with the termination "é" (-er verbs, not only of the 1rst group), "u" (-ir and -ire verbs) or are irregular (like "être" which becomes "été" or "avoir" which becomes "eu").
In the composed tenses, the auxiliary is the only verb that is conjugated, and in order to master the composed tenses, you will need to master the conjugations of "être" and "avoir" in the following tenses: présent, imparfait, passé simple and futur simple of the indicatif mode; présent and imparfait of the subjonctif mode and présent of the conditionel mode.
There are no thumb rule to know if a verb have "avoir" or "être" as an auxiliary, except for that one "it's almost always "avoir" except for some verbs (that you should know by heart) and even then, it's "avoir" if the verb is followed by a complément d'objet direct".
finaly, the verb in its participe passé form is accorded in gender and in number of the subject if the auxiliary is "être" but not if it's "avoir". For example: "Elles ont mangé du pain" (mangé is still "mangé" even though the subject is feminine and plural) and "Elles étaient parties au restaurant" ("parti" have an "être" auxiliary, so it take the "e" because the subject is feminine and an "s" because the subject is plural)

And while we're at it, let's talk a bit about when to use the composed tenses, because if you remember from my last post, I said that french aimed for precision when it comes to conjugation, hence the numerous tenses and the importance of knowing when to use them. So here we go:

Passé composé (auxiliary in its present conjugation) is the most commonly used composed tense in french. It is used as a way to talk about a past action that has ended. ex: j'ai été malade toute la semaine. tu as vu le dernier Avenger? Nous sommes allés ("allé" takes the "s" because the auxiliary is "être" and the subject is plural) en Norvège cet été.
The conditionnel passé (auxiliary in its conditionel présent conjugation) is also oftenly used, so you should know it aswell. It is used to talk about an action that would have happened if a condition was checked (usually a regret or a charge). ex: si j'avais eu un peu plus de jugeotte, je n'aurais pas fait ça. Elle était abrutie ("abruti" takes an "e" because the auxiliary is "être" and the subject is feminine) par le vin hier soir!
The plus que parfait (auxiliary in its imparfait conjugation) is to refer to an action that happen before the narrative time if the narrative tense is already in the past (it's the past of the past). ex: J'étais aux courses et je ne me suis pas rendu compte que j'avais oublié ma liste! Tu avais perdu ton portable.
The futur antérieur (auxiliary in its futur simple conjugation) is as used as the plus que parfait. It is used for an action that happened before the narative time if the narative time is in the future. For example: Tu seras déjà couchée quand je sortirai du travail. (the narrative time is given by "when I'll be out of work").
The futur antérieur can also be used to talk about an action that will happen at a given time (so the time must be given). ex: les travaux seront finis en Janvier.
The subjonctif passé (auxiliary in its subjonctif présent conjugation) is used to talk about an action that might (or might not) have happened. ex: Il faut que tu aies passé ton bac pour aller à l'université.

And now, we get on the rarely used tenses of french.

The passé antérieur (auxiliary in its passé simple conjugation) is like the plus que parfait, but only used when you use the "passé simple" tense (which is not commonly used). example: "Quand il eut fini, elle hurla"
The subjonctif plus que parfait (auxiliary in its subjonctif imparfait conjugation) is to talk about an action that might (or might not) have happened in the time of the naration if the time is the past. It is almost only used in litterature. example: Quand je les ai lu, je doutais qu'il eût écris ces lettres.

And here you have it! One of the most boring part of french conjugation, but a part that you should know. Don't hesitate to share your thoughts or ask for a question :)

EDIT: L'ironie de faire un post sur la conjugaison sans penser à la vérifier. J'ai corrigé ça grâce aux commentaires de lackaisicalquokka et de Deathletterblues et un peu de relecture.

The worst best study strategy.

Codex Transferendum: The English-to-Isu & Isu-to-English dictionary & language guide (plus a free Isu font!)

Just as a previous voice once gathered the necessary talent, and a previous mother once compiled their designs, I now present you with mine: Codex Transferendum is now a full-fledged Isu language guide, from writing, to translating, to now even speaking every single bit of Isu text we see in Valhalla!
With a ton of credit due to the gang at Access the Animus and the diligence of u/bool0011 in the vocalizations for each character in particular, I’ve aimed to create a central resource for everything you’d ever need to know about the Isu language. (At least...till the DLC’s come out...)
For those that saw my previous post, don’t shy away, there’s a ton of new content here! For those new to the Isu language, you’re in for a much easier time than those who translated before!

My handwritten Isu Devanagari font is still free in newly-updated Window and Apple flavors, and is now in “alphabetical” order with 45 keystrokes - not following the sounds, but allowing for easy typing of your own Isu language study should you so desire.
The previous font is null, after finding an assumed character we never actually see. Instead, it still uses the keystrokes for a-v, A-V, and # for •, with the true sounds of each character now also accounted for in the font key of the Codex.
The dictionary’s been doubled in size! I’ve now alphabetized the Isu words in an Isu-to-English section, which shed a little more light on a couple mistranslated words from the AtA videos! (ex: “Compile” and “Gather” naturally share the same characters, but AtA mistranslated the verb “Present” for “Compile”, and I was able to unlock a word AtA never circled back to on my own! “The” conjugated as a title with an “of” suffix for “The Council”!)
Because of this new alphabetized Isu word list, I’ve been able to notice that 4 untranslated characters are strictly used to only represent hex#’s (hex2, hex7, 72...interesting hexC, and hexE), and as such should have a sound to them but I’ve left them as “hex#” in the character map. (They’re likely an accented vowel based on similar characters that are translated)
“b”, “p”, and “ou/ow” are three of the newest character translations found by u/bool0011, and they have been added, however in spoken context I stick to “ou” (funnily enough, a lot of the words that use it sound eerily similar to their English counterparts! Ex: “Current” in Isu is “nou” like “new”, and “You” is “æou”)
The collector’s edition word that AtA originally translated to “Family” has now been rediscovered to mean “Sword”, and is reflected.
“Animals” and “Creatures” share the same characters, so I’ve eliminated “Creatures” as its own listing and added it to “Animals”, same goes for “Gather” being added to “Compile” as stated above.
All Isu writings are now listed in 4 lines for each sentence: English translation, direct translation, Isu text, then what it sounds like in Isu. (Yes we can now speak ~~nearly~~ everything that’s been written!!!)
After transcribing all of the text into their letters, I’ve found several “typos” in the AtA writings of the Canterbury file and in my own Isu writings that I’ve since fixed.
BIG CAVEAT: Certain translated characters, like “l m n r”, have variants that in Isu are still written lmnr, but would sound like “ul um un ur” when spoken. I’ve included the u’s in the spoken text just to help us nail down pronunciation, but know that if written as “subtitles” in-game the u’s would be removed, unless represented by the 8 which is “u” by itself. This is reflected in the “alphabetizing” of Isu words. Hopefully that makes sense when you see it...let me know if it doesn’t.

This all leaves just 2 characters untranslated, and 7 Isu words incomplete. Maybe my work can shed the necessary light on this? (My theory based on u/bool0011’s work is we’re missing the “j” and “oi” sounds in Isu, I just don’t know which could be which yet)
With all that I’ve come to understand in building this Codex, I also tried my hand at reverse-translating one of AC’s most iconic lines into the Isu language at the back, let me know what you think?
I hope this guide not only gives the community a better understanding of the Isu language itself, but even more so of the sheer brilliance that came from Antoine Henry at Ubisoft Singapore. The breadth of the language he built here is astounding, and it’s been an absolute joy sifting out each of the ingenious building-blocks he pieced together, while I’ve attempted to deconstruct them all here.
If you know of a word we could deconstruct further or if you think of one we could build, comment your logics below and let’s discuss! Corrections are welcome as well!
Edit: Minor correction, I pasted the word for “must” over top of the phrase for “they doubt” in my Canterbury file...The vocalization is correct though, as is the entries in the dictionaries. Whoops!

Your Friendly Neighborhood Mentor

I finished the Japanese tree on Duolingo last night! I have many tips and suggestions for those wishing to do likewise in the New Year

After 667 days of practice, I finally finished the Japanese tree on Duolingo. I can't say that I was an every-day studier, as there were certainly some weeks where I was simply reviewing basic lessons to keep the streak going, but in the end the daily push that Duolingo existed helped me make it to the end. I also don't have all the tree gilded, although I've got most of it to at least 2 crowns, and maintained much of what I learned through study methods I detail below.
So now here's my review of the tree: I think it's a very useful tool for learning Japanese. I'm already very fluent in Chinese, so kanji was never a challenge and I am realistic as to what it takes to learn a language. That being said, while I can tell the people who designed the course have tried their hardest, the limitations of the Duolingo system were very present throughout the learning process.

There's simply not enough grammar lessons, especially at higher levels. This can easily be supplemented by using websites like Tae Kim's or googling words or grammatical structures that the course doesn't adequately explain.
No kanji lessons or review. Luckily I already knew kanji from studying Chinese, so it was simply a matter of learning slight variants and the new pronunciations. Other people may need more supplements.
The course as it exists will not teach you how to conjugate well enough to manage a conversation. Fortunately there's apps that do this, I in particular enjoyed Japanese Conjugation City.
Words would not be introduced to you in their base forms, and you have to look up the kana used to write words that are introduced in just kanji. Even worse, there's no built-in system to review vocabulary. My solution was to keep long lists of words I was learning, and then create sporcle quizzes to test myself. I had to look up words on websites like jisho.org and wiktionary. I only started doing that around about where the initial first course of 40 lessons ended, though, although I retroactively created some for verbs and adjectives because I realized I hadn't retained this vocabularly.
Practice without the keyboard can be useful, but ultimately it gets too frustrating, especially at higher levels. English is simply so different from Japanese that there's too many ways to say everything. Once you get past the first 40 lessons or so, I find that the grammar gets too complicated and the alternatives dry up too much to be practical. The problem with Duolingo is that one tiny mistake is enough to mark a lesson wrong, even when there's an argument that the meaning was close enough. That being said, I think I'll use it somewhat to supplement speaking lessons which I hope to begin soon.

Tagalog 2020 Resources

Edit: Thanks for the suggestions! Keep them coming and I'll be adding stuff to this list for the next couple of days. I love this sort of stuff.
Good-riddance 2020. To celebrate New Years I am going to post a refactored list I borrowed from u/OnlyInEye's awesome 2019 post (which you should read that if you haven't). Originally this was for personal reference. Then I added some stuff, and tried to shorten things to fit all that extra stuff. The material overlaps a bit with the sub's existing resources wiki, but not entirely. I know I repeated a few things, but this is a list I've kept for a bit that grew after a while of lurking here (I just made this new account though). I hope the formatting works on Reddit.
Corrections are very welcome and encouraged. It would be sweet if this were an annual thing. I'm just happy to promote lots great Tagalog resources made by hard-working people. Also this AllLanguageResources site might be useful for more ideas (but most of the good stuff is already included here).

Resources

Books

Filipino Phrasebook and Dictionary by Lonely Planet: word enunciation pointers (good for sentence flow)
Making out In Tagalog: funny and actually more useful than your 100th Gn. Cruz example
Pocket Tagalog Dictionary: good for vocabulary but not for sentence formation
Essential Tagalog Grammar: A Reference for Learners of Tagalog by Fiona De Vos: learn sentence formation, grammar, uses extensive alphabetical lists of noun, verb, and adjective affixes, covers informal Tagalog, and verb conjugation (courtesy of u/dimension-traveller)
Tagalog for Beginners: An Introduction to Filipino, the National Language of the Philippines by Joi Barrios: classroom-inspired introduction to Tagalog (worksheet/lessons and activities)
- Personal experience: Confusing organization, half-baked grammar lessons, and just feels all over the place
- I needed help from my SO (a native-speaker) about lots of partially-explained topics (e.g. I was introduced to the participle 'ba' but not where it's placed, or a bunch of really weird stuff which my SO told me I could safely ignore)
- Missing basic stuff like a table showing all the possessive pronouns (ko/mo/...), which is odd at best
- Silver lining: an endless source of Tagalog-related discussions with my native-speaking girlfriend
- Followed by Intermediate Tagalog: Learn to Speak Fluent Tagalog (Filipino), the National Language of the Philippines
Adarna: online Filipino book vendor
Peace Corps Tagalog learning resources
Elementary Tagalog: Tara, Mag-Tagalog Tayo! Come On, Let's Speak Tagalog! by Jiedson R. Domigpe and Nenita Pambid Domingo: workbook not included, more structured and heavier on classroom-like teaching
Basic Tagalog for Foreigners and Non-Tagalogs by Paraluman S. Aspillera: first gives an introduction to the history of Tagalog, the Tagalog alphabet, the Filipino character, and more, learning bits of culture in each lesson (courtesy of u/dimension-traveller)
WIKApedia Booklet (2015 Edition) by the PCDSPO: a project for Buwan ng Wika in 2015 intended brushing up Filipino skills and knowledge (usage, grammar, and syllabication) (courtesy of u/dimension-traveller)
BuriBooks: a subscription service for graded readers supplemented with Tagalog learning resources based on those stories all in Tagalog! (courtesy of lenantonio)
Essential Tagalog: Speak Tagalog with Confidence by Tuttle Publishing: common/situational vocabulary/phrase guide, some inaccuracies like unusual spellings (e.g. Facebook as peysbuk, upload as aplowd) (courtesy of u/dimension-traveller)

Audio

Pimsleur Tagalog level 1 and 2: spaced repetition, apparently great for native-like pronunciation, speaking ($15/mo)

Apps (mobile)

Ling: simple, metrics/progress tracking, word/sentence examples, speaking activities, and exams (8.99/mo)
Drops: word heavy, light on sentence structure, with progress-tracking (9.99)
Memrise: user-created lessons on an alright platform (some free and some pay)
Easy Tagalog by Dalubhasa and Simply Tagalog: quiz format, boring
Clozemaster: learn sentence structure (intermediate+), with MC or fill in blank (u/lenantonio) (free)
Mango Language: learn sentence structure, grammar, but only one unit so far (which is still the case coming into 2020) (7.99/mo)
Rosetta Stone: old fashion, many po examples, not recommended
Pimsleur (App): a great way to get started with Tagalog by using their app for tons of listening material, examples, and sentences with games (courtesy of u/OnlyInEye)
Glossika (App): the best comprehensive review with lots of examples and the only one to go from A1 to C1 (courtesy of u/OnlyInEye)
Tagalog.com (App): already listed but for flashcards with sounds it is the best by far and it's free (courtesy of u/OnlyInEye)

Programs (desktop)

Learning with Text (LWT): text + audio, click/highlight words, generate reviews, installation is a mess (free)
Foreign Language Text Reader (FLTR): an old Java program similar to LWT, with less features (free)
Readlang: import reading material (e.g. news articles, epub books) with the Filipino option (beta-language)
Jorken's Calibre: language-learning features for e-book reading (supports lemmatization)

Online stuff

Links

Tagalog 2019 Resources Updated (u/OnlyInEye): credit to OnlyInEye for many great suggestions
PinoyDictionary.com: shows compound words, dictionary for local languages (u/Connecticutjeremy) (free)
Tagalog.com: a gem beyond just a dictionary with accent marks, lessons, 25,000+ word audio recordings, 38,000 word dictionary, approx. 7,900 sentence examples showing proper usage (useful for verbs), and 4,000 flash-cards with audio included (u/jkos123) (free)
- lessons: simple, formatted, and clean lessons
- reader-assist: a tool for translating Tagalog sources to generate study material
Diksiyonaryo.ph: Tagalog-only dictionary, useful for synonyms, usage pointers, based on the UP Diksiyonaryong Filipino by the UP Center for Filipino Language (free online, but you can buy a physical copy) (courtesy of u/lenantonio and u/dimension-traveller)
FilipinoPod101.com:: largest repository of learning material for Filipino (lessons, videos, and audio files) (expensive)
- A hit or miss for many (beware)
ai.glossika.com/: great memorization and practice, quasi-Duolingo on steroids, and also covers sentence formation (u/AkoSiKoneho) ($30/mo)
Living Language: vocabulary and phrases (expensive, more than glossika if you're paying per month)
SEAsite: a classic resource for Tagalog grammar (free)
UC Filipino Curriculum Project: topics from geography, food, to literature, no updates since 2006 (still nice) (free)
Uni Lang: covers pronunciation and basic grammar (free)
hawaii.edu: well-rounded resources from one of the few universities teaching Tagalog and local languages like Ilocano
Learning Tagalog: learn Tagalog grammar free online, in-depth and technical grammar exploration
OPLingo's Tagalog Grammar Lite: online book on Tagalog grammar

Tutors and Native Help

Teachers at Tagalog.com: The aforementioned Tagalog.com site offers 1-on-1 teaching while allowing you to support your Filipino tutors by having more money go straight to their pockets (courtesy of u/jkos123) ($5-15/hr)
italki): an affordable tutoring platform similar to languagetools.io ($5-15/hr)
OPLingo (formally languagetools.io): affordable teachers (many Philippines-based are cheaper than western-based tutors) (1 hour sessions, $5-15/hr)
- Tagalog Grammar Lite: IMO a gem considering it's free (and open for community-corrections)
- Note the name-change (older posts will mention languagetools.io instead)
philtalk: paid courses and chats
HiNative: ask native speakers questions about their language (an example discussion of Tagalog grammar)
Lang8: Natives correct your writing while you correct non-native learners

Discord

Deeper Cave of Linguists (part of cave of linguist network)

Facebook Groups

Learn Tagalog (approx. 11k members)
Lets learn philippine language (tagalog) (approx. 4K members)

Podcast

Stories

StoryBooksCanada

Ilocano

Ilocano Youtube Videos: Tagalog and Ilocano (for Ilocano-learners who are Tagalog and/or English speakers)
Peace Corps Ilocano: free book for learning Ilocano by Peace Corps
Let's Speak Ilokano: helps you understand writing and how sentences form
Ilocano Phrase book: lots of Ilocano phrases and English translations, with a grammar and pronunciation walk-through

Other stuff

Pugad Baboy (comic)
PenLab: Pinoy graphic novels (courtesy of u/]rangeflee)

Quick Aside: On Language Learning

What do you need to know to learn a foreign language? by Paul Nation (courtesy of lenantonio)
Stephen Krashen's Theory of Second Language Acquisition: why certain language learners work so hard for nothing
- What's important:
  1. Meaningful interaction in target-language
  2. (Mostly) comprehensible input (you won't understand everything, obviously, but that's not the point)
- The five hypotheses
  1. Acquisition-Learning hypothesis: there are two systems (first one is more important)
    - Acquired system: subconscious learning (like children, inductive)
    - Learning system: formal instruction (the rules come first, deductive)
  2. Monitor hypothesis: the learning system 'monitors' the acquired system
    - The best learners avoid overusing and under-using their monitor
  3. Input hypothesis: natural acquisition requires target-language input one step above current competence
    - Learn when to avoid easy stuff (look for challenging material, but not so advanced that it's hopeless)
  4. Effective Filter hypothesis: factors like motivation, self-confidence, anxiety and personality traits are influential
  5. Natural Order hypothesis: some grammatical structures are acquired later than others
    - Note: Krashen rejects organizing a syllabus according to this natural order
- Takeaway: Krashen's findings might seem obvious and self-evident but it was hot-topic back then, the point being that most of us are no doubt guilty of these blunders. This philosophy can be extended. To get good at 'A', do more of 'A' and stop doing so much of 'B'. "Classroom learning" is never enough. Use Tagalog at any level, preferably in the wild, in meaningful ways.

I finished the Japanese tree on Duolingo last night! I have many tips and suggestions for those wishing to do likewise in the New Year

I posted an identical post on LanguageLearning, but because this community does not allow cross-posts but this post is highly relevant, I thought I'd just manually post it again.
After 667 days of practice, I finally finished the Japanese tree on Duolingo. I can't say that I was an every-day studier, as there were certainly some weeks where I was simply reviewing basic lessons to keep the streak going, but in the end the daily push that Duolingo existed helped me make it to the end. I also don't have all the tree gilded, although I've got most of it to at least 2 crowns, and maintained much of what I learned through study methods I detail below.
So now here's my review of the tree: I think it's a very useful tool for learning Japanese. I'm already very fluent in Chinese, so kanji was never a challenge and I am realistic as to what it takes to learn a language. That being said, while I can tell the people who designed the course have tried their hardest, the limitations of the Duolingo system were very present throughout the learning process.

There's simply not enough grammar lessons, especially at higher levels. This can easily be supplemented by using websites like Tae Kim's or googling words or grammatical structures that the course doesn't adequately explain.
No kanji lessons or review. Luckily I already knew kanji from studying Chinese, so it was simply a matter of learning slight variants and the new pronunciations. Other people may need more supplements.
The course as it exists will not teach you how to conjugate well enough to manage a conversation. Fortunately there's apps that do this, I in particular enjoyed Japanese Conjugation City.
Words would not be introduced to you in their base forms, and you have to look up the kana used to write words that are introduced in just kanji. Even worse, there's no built-in system to review vocabulary. My solution was to keep long lists of words I was learning, and then create sporcle quizzes to test myself. I had to look up words on websites like jisho.org and wiktionary. I only started doing that around about where the initial first course of 40 lessons ended, though, although I retroactively created some for verbs and adjectives because I realized I hadn't retained this vocabulary.
Practice without the keyboard can be useful, but ultimately it gets too frustrating, especially at higher levels. English is simply so different from Japanese that there's too many ways to say everything. Once you get past the first 40 lessons or so, I find that the grammar gets too complicated and the alternatives dry up too much to be practical. The problem with Duolingo is that one tiny mistake is enough to mark a lesson wrong, even when there's an argument that the meaning was close enough. That being said, I think I'll use it somewhat to supplement speaking lessons which I hope to begin soon.

🎓Lesson: Auxiliary Verbs

Hi, everyone! 😁
So, because I am a totally insane language geek^{def 2.} 🤓 I actually have a favorite part of the English language.
Because I am a totally insane language geek 🤓 my favorite part of English is our unique way to handle previously mentioned verb phrases.
Hey! It's Tuesday, isn't it? 🤔 What a coincidence! 🤩 Now I can actually teach you my favorite part of the English language, because IT'S TIME FOR A LESSON! 🥳
-------------------------------------------------------
🤔 The auxiliary verbs and what they are
In general, an auxiliary verb (also known as a "linking verb," and my personal favorite phrase, a "helping verb") is a verb that, instead of telling what a subject is doing, qualifies another verb--either through tense, mood, or voice. It's like if a verb decided to become an adverb... I guess.
In English, almost no auxiliary verbs (except "do" and "be") need to be conjugated; they stay the same no matter the subject 😄
In addition, almost all auxiliary verbs (except "be" and "have") are followed by a verb's root form (it's infinitive without "to")
Here is a list of English auxiliary verbs 📝
🔴be

Who, what, or what state a person is in
- "I am really happy."
- "He is my manager."
Continuous verb tenses
- "You are smiling."
Passive voice
- "She was taught by Mr. Davis."

🟠can

Ability, what someone is able to do
- "I can help you."
- "This new robot can do whatever you tell it to."
Permission, what someone is allowed to do
- "Good news, I can go out tonight."

🟡could

Past tense of "can"
- "When I was younger, I could do a double-backflip^def off of a cliff."
"Can" but with certain conditions
- "I could help you find your lost dog if maybe there were something in it for me."

🟢do\*

Emphasizes a non-auxiliary verb
- "I actually do have something planned for today."
- "I really do like this new game"
Used in forming questions, negating sentences, and replacing verb phrases that use any non-auxiliary verb

🔵have\*

Perfect verb tenses
- "I have finally finished my homework!"
- "He has never understood why 'laugh' is spelled like that."

🟣may

Possibility
- "I may be able to help you if I have time today."
Permission
- "You may not take selfies here, this is the chapel of the Vatican."
"Even though"
- "You may be stronger than us, but we have an army of rabid squirrels on our side!"

🔴might

Possibility or condition
- "I might go see the movie if I'm finished babysitting my neighbor's daughter."
Even though
- "He might be strong, but he can really pack a punch^{phrase 1.}."

🟠must

Obligation
- "I must find a way to stop this dark prophecy from wreaking^def havoc^def on all universes as we know it."
Confident certainty
- "You must be Mr. Johnson, if I'm not mistaken."

🟡shall (a pretty formal, rare, and outdated word)

Emphasizes the future tense
- "I shall first go to the habberdashery^{rare word}, and then I shall take a promenade^{rare word} around the beach."

🟢should

Recommendation
- "You really should start going out and exercising more."
Obligation / "It would be good if..."
- "People who commit crimes like that should be punished."
What is likely
- "Ah, my giant life-sized ice sculpture of myself should be ready by now."

🔵will\*

Future tense
- "I will talk to my boss on Monday."

🟣would

Condition, uncertainty in the future, or wishes
- "Yeah, I would help you move into your new home, but I have lots of other plans, and I am very lazy."
- "If that did happen, I would do everything I could to stop it."
- "He would love to meet Brad Pitt."
Past tense of "will"
- "Little did the Baudelaire orphans know^phrase, they would soon start a series of very unfortunate events^ref."

Verbs marked with an asterisk ( \ ) are also used as action verbs (some may have different meanings too), in addition to being auxiliary verbs. As action verbs, they would still need auxiliary verbs in the needed contexts. So it is entirely possible to say, "I* do do the laundry," "I have had too much to drink," and "I will will myself to finish eating this giant cake."

BUT THAT'S NOT ALL!

As verbs, auxiliary verbs are unique in the ways that they:

Form questions 🤔
Form negative sentences 👎
Replace previously mentioned verb phrases ⬅️

🤔 QUESTIONS
To form questions where the first verb is an auxiliary verb, invert the subject and the verb.

"Will you go to the dance with me?"
- Is a question form of "You will go to the dance with me."
"Is he the president of the United States?"
"Can you really jump that high?"
"Should I try to do a backflip off a cliff?"

To form questions where the first verb is NOT an auxiliary verb, start the question with a form of "do."

"Do you like writing novels?"
- Is a question form of "You like writing novels"
"Does he know sign language?"
"Do I seem too angry to you?"
"Do we need to go to the store this weekend?"

👎 NEGATIVE SENTENCES
To form negative sentences where the first verb is an auxiliary verb, add "not" or "n't" after the first verb

"I would not like it if that happened."
- Is the negative version of "I would like that if that happened."
"You haven't done your homework yet."
"He may not be able to make it tonight."
"You can't go out in the road and start singing, I won't let you."

To form questions where the first verb is NOT an auxiliary verb, simply add "do not / does not" or "don't / doesn't" before the verb you're negating

"I do not sound like that!"
- Is the negative version of "I sound like that" or "I do sound like that."
"He doesn't like your cooking."
"They don't understand the problem."
"We do not condone^def the messages shown in this program."

⬅️ REPLACING PREVIOUSLY MENTIONED VERB PHRASES
Auxiliary verbs can also be used as a sort of pronoun, but for verbs. Just like how pronouns replace previously mentioned nouns, auxiliary verbs can also be used to replace previously mentioned verb phrases
If your verb phrase starts with an auxiliary verb, it will be replaced by that auxiliary verb on its own

"You are not hungry, but I am."
- "I am" replaces the phrase, "I am hungry."
"You can't do a double-backflip off that cliff!" / "Yes I can!"
- "I can" replaces the phrase, "I can do a double-backflip off that cliff"
"I will now perform my own rendition of 'Photograph' by Nickelback" / "No you won't, or else we'll all throw tomatoes at you!"
- "You won't" replaces the phrase, "You won't perform your own rendition of 'Photograph' by Nickelback"
"Is this dark prophecy really going to come true?" / "I think it may."
- "It may" replaces the phrase, "it may come true"

If your verb phrase does NOT start with an auxiliary verb, it will be replaced by a form of "do"

He doesn't like your cooking, but I do
- "I do" replaces the phrase, "I like your cooking" or "I do like your cooking"
"Who cares^phrase about the customer?" / "I do!" / "Well I don't!" / "*Gasp!* Squidward![^ref](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbu2BRb7OlE)^(,) ^ref"
- "I do" replaces the phrase, "I care about the customer" or "I do care about the customer"
- "I don't" replaces the phrase, "I don't care about the customer"
"Did you remember to pick up milk at the store today?" / "No, sorry, I did not"
"Do you take this man to be your lawfully wedded husband?" / "I do"

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As always, write whatever you like. If you don't have a topic, use one of ours. It doesn’t have to be this one. Check out other Subjects of the Day by clicking in our "Subjects of the Day" collection
Remember, if you didn’t write yesterday, your streak number is 1.
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Wel(de)szap(e)nap(da): when programming language meets human language

Wel(de)szap(e)nap(da) originally started kind of as a joke. I and a friend were talking about sometimes how unnecessarily complicated language is, and I stood the ground of the fact that the complex features that natural languages have to make it more beautiful and interesting, while he preferred language to be more logical. Inspired by this, I decided to make a language similar to a programming language as a satirical joke since both I and him were also into computer science. This turned out to become a full-scale project, something that I have been working on more often than my other "more serious" conlangs or other content creation projects.
Wel(de)szap(e)nap(da) is a constructed language made to be as unambiguous as possible, influenced by the styles of strongly-typed programming languages such as C or Java. This is more of a test to see how it would feel like speaking in a programming language than a serious language. It’s more of an art than something you would want to speak in, as many simple phrases are unnecessarily long and this language makes you think like a computer.
The vocabulary is mostly Indo-European based, as currently all programming languages are based on English, so adopting say a Sino-Tibetan system would be more difficult for the grammer. Jan(di)szap(di)yet(de)fis(da) also has a lot of vocabulary derived from Toki Pona. I didn't work that hard on the vocab, but I made it intentionally lacking, I guess you could say, because Jan(di)szap(di)yet(de)fis(da) is most focused on its grammar on its logic.
Word types are a bit funky, but you should have no problem with them if you know an object-oriented programming language. Like Lojban, it has no verbs, but Wel(de)szap(e)nap(da) does things a bit differently. Instead, "functions" are used instead, similar to functions in code. A function has parameters, which usually correspond to the subject. Another category is "references," similar to nouns. They can "do" a function, and they also have properties. Properties are like placeholders for adjectives: size, amount, hunger all are properties. Descriptors describe the properties of a property, for example size = big or hungry = true. Logical operations are simple operations such as equals, and, or, not, addition, subtraction, etc. while the final category, markers words, are like the punctuation in code. Obviously, punctuation is not viable in spoken language. So, instead of saying System.out, we would say System(di)out, with the (di) replacing the dot, acting as a joiner between references and functions or properties. (de) marks the start of the paramets section of a function, and (da) marks the end, similar to the brackets in fuctions like f(x). All the words normally represented by symbols have brackets around them, thus all logical operations and markers have brackets around them. The brackets also act as space, you pause when you see a bracket.
The grammar is the easy part, with anyone knowing to program being able to easily figure it out, and even if you don't it would not be very hard to figure out using logic. If natural language comprehension is based on intuition, Wel(de)szap(e)nap(da) is based on logic.
Jan(di)szap(di)yet(de)fis(da);
This sentence means "I eat fish" or "I am eating fish" (present/present indicative). It may seem like a bunch of strange letters, but let me write the "programming language form" of this sentence in both the language's vocabulary and English:
Jan.SZAP.yet(fis);
Person.FIRST.eat(fish);
Jan refers to people, while Jan(di)szap refers to the first person pronoun. "Szap" means one, and all pronouns are just the word Jan and a number representing whether it is first, second, or third person after it. Jan.SZAP calls the command yet(), which means to eat, and the parameter is "fis", which means "fish". See, not that hard to understand.
Verb conjugations obviously do not exist, they are replaced by a time parameter.
Jan(di)szap(di)yet(de)fis(e)tem(es)nap(da);
Jan.SZAP.yet(fis, tem=nap);
Person.FIRST.eat(fish, time=before);
Person (first person) eat fish before
I ate fish
Note that the logical operator (e) is the non-combinatory and. This means that a(e)b can be translated as "a and be", but is different from additive and (a + b) or logical and (a∧b), meaning that it just lists two things beside each other without doing any real operations to them, which can be represented by (a, b).
Finally, let's talk about the name of the language itself! I've said Szap means "one" and in the above example, Nap means "before", but not really. Szap and Nap are boolean values, of which Szap means "true" and Nap means "false." That is not their literal meaning: Szap can mean anything that is positive and Nap can be anything that is negative: one and zero, light and dark, good and bad, yes and no. And as previously mentioned, (e) is the non-combinatory and. So Szap(e)nap means "true, false". You can see Szap(e)nap being part of the name. The other part is the function Wel, which is one of the few static functions (which do not require a subject) that basically means "convert this expression into a word". It can convert any other word type into a reference word type, similar to how adding -er after a verb in English makes it a noun, like eraser -> erase. Wel(de)szap(e)nap(da) means "convert the expression "true, false" into a reference (noun)." The noun you would get is something that is true or false, or, logic. So, Wel(de)szap(e)nap(da) means "logic", which comes from "yes, no". And I believe there is no better way to name my conlang than this.
Here's the phonology
Consonants

	Labial	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar
Nasal	m	n
Stop	p, b	t, d			k, g
Fricative	f	s, z	ʂ, ʐ		x
Approximant	v	l		j	w
Flap		ɾ

Orthography:
B (b), D (d), F (f), G (g), H (x), J (j), K (k), G (g), L (l), M (m), N (n), P (p), R (ɾ), Sz (s), S (ʂ), T (t), V (v), W (w), Z (z), Zs (ʐ)
Vowels
A (a), E (e), I (i), O (o), U (u)
That'll be all I'm going to say for this post! If you guys want to see more grammar of Wel(de)szap(e)nap(da), please comment on what you guys would like to hear next below! And any comments or suggestions are welcome!

[Spoilers] [LONG] I tried translating the Latin lyrics again, and this is what I got.

If you have not played far enough to hear the soundtrack with Latin lyrics, there are spoilers below.
The two songs from the secret final battle contain very Latin-sounding lyrics. I am of course talking about talking about The One They Call the Witch and Daughter of the Dark God
There have been numerous attempts to transcribe and translate them, with varying degrees of success. It's also been said that they might be "faux-latin" but I am not able to find the original source for this. Regardless, there still definitely seems to be some structure there, along with individual words that certainly match the overall theme.
The original thread was closed a year or two ago, so let's try again.
Warning: the following is probably like, 80% wrong.

Isolating the Vocals

Both tracks contain two sets of lyrics - a chorus and a solo. The chorus is quite hard to make out, so I defer to the original thread for transcription and translation. But the solo singer is easier - the way the song is mixed, the solo part is on the center channel while the instruments are mostly asymmetric. So, we can use something like GoldWave to subtract out the instruments and keep mostly the vocals. To do this, I am using Goldwave 5. Load up the track, then go to Effect -> Stereo -> Stereo Center. From there, click on Presets and select "Keep Vocals". Then, under Center Channel change "From Hz" to 300.0, and set FFT size to 14, Overlap to 16x, and Click OK. Let it do its thing for a second. Then fast-forward to 00:50 and click PLAY. It's not perfect, but it makes the solo vocal part stand out very significantly.
An alternative way to clean up the vocals is to first reduce the volume by 60%, then run Effect -> Stereo -> Channel Mixer and run "Double Vocals". Do this twice. This gets you dramatically filtering but also less distortion, as this does not involve an FFT. Then maybe follow it with Stereo Center, preset to "Keep Vocals" with a "From Hz" setting of 150Hz. This will reduce some of the precussion, without distorting the low end on the vocals too much.

Transcribing

With the solo vocal part more-or-less isolated, we can try to do an initial transcription. This prioritizes pronunciation over trying to use real words or making them fit together. If I had to sing it, this is how I would do it. Word breaks are largely arbitrary; matching the transcription to real words is best-effort.
The One They Call the Witch:

nos te vedes labilliae nostre seda deoridis e revirnst a cis perlos orbiti conteri dota se cordis morte vos te vedi nos veni es reverte deorinis e core vestes forte valos oro cosis per portis nous voredi vedes nos vorati vontus nos vorenos porte cis

Daughter of the Dark God:

ei de stelpa lapenist tre dies el par illi peste alia camur peli talia orbitis te qui allisano tes cordis sera cotse vedis labeli notre sida deorinis e cor e vestis forte valos oro cosis per te ei de vilna re qui tu ni e de vitra villis nati e te verna vedis navi il suasil que tira nous voredi vedi nos voreni vertos es torinas verta

There is a fair amount of ambiguity here. Sometimes it's hard to tell between e/i and n/d/t/l sometimes. The background audio isn't helping. But, this is probably the best I'll be able to get; the translation will hopefully resolve some of the consonant ambiguities.

Translating

Credit goes to u/thyrandomninja and u/Kurosuzaku for doing a lot of the initial legwork. With the lyrics better isolated, I agree with some of the earlier transcription/translation, but in some places I substitute my own, because some things clearly sound different in the isolated version. Despite the audio processing this is probably something like 80% wrong; in some places you really gotta force the pieces to fit, which makes me way less confident about some parts. A big problem throughout is finding the boundaries between words. Did I mention I don't actually *know* any Latin?
For translation, I've been looking at three major sources:

William Whitaker's WORDS - rule-based decomposition engine and dictionary (written in Ada), with its own fascinating history. Supports common letter substitution and breaks words up. Extensive vocabulary.
Online Latin Dictionary - supports wildcard matching
Latin-English Dictionary - another version of Whitaker's WORDS, with autocomplete, but without some of the correction / word-combining features?
Google Translate - sometimes helps with grammar; not sure where it gets half of its definitions though. The voice pronunciation feature is sometimes useful though
Latin Pronouns - because we are very likely to encounter some pronouns

Anyway, this is what I end up with:
The One They Call the Witch

Line number	Time	Transcription (proposed)	Interpretation
1	0:50	nos te vetes labillae (alt: vedis?)	We forbid you to slip [perish/be dishonored] (alt: we saw you dishonored?)
2	0:55	nos te se da deo retis (alt: nostri sita deo ritis)	We give you the return of god (alt: our god is located thereon / our god is there)
3	1:01	ei revirenst a cis perlos orbiti	He revives from [this side of] the burning world
4	1:06	conteri dota se cordis morte	exhaust the endowment of my heart of death

5	1:12	vos que vedi nos veni	See you that we have come
6	1:17	es reverte deorunis (alt: deo rinis)	You are returned uninjured (alt: you return to god)
7	1:23	e cor et vestis forte vales	For heart and armor to prevail,
8	1:28	oro cosis per portis (consis?)	I pray to acquire from the gate

9	1:45	nous vereni vetes (alt: nous voreni ventis ?)	We are an obstacle to youth (alt: winds pushed us?)
10	1:48	nos vorati ventus (alt: nos voreni ventus)	We swallowed the wind (alt: we pushed the wind)
11	1:50	nos verenos porte cis (alt: vorenos)	Indeed, we are on this side of the gate (alt: We pushed [on this side of] the gate)

Then we move on to Daughter of the Dark God. This is much more difficult for me to make out, save for a few words here and there. We also notice that some of the lines from the previous track are re-used, and in some places a few of the words are altered.
Daughter of the Dark God

Line number	Time	Transcription (proposed)	Interpretation
12	0:21	id est ea(?) par lape dis	That is she(?) of [for?] the dark god
13	0:25	tri dies ii par illi peste	three days pass for the plague (the plague lasts three days?)
14	0:31	alia camur pellit alia orbitis (alt: canur) (alt: pelli talia)	the other horned one banished [to the] other world (alt: other dogs banished to another world) (alt: other horned one banished to such a world)
15	0:37	te qui ale sano tis cordis sera	You who cured your slow heart (??)

16	0:43	quot se vetes labili	How many [times did] you not let yourself slip (dishonored?) (?)
17	0:47	e notre se da deorunis (alt: notre sida deo ritis; see above)	We will give him uninjured (alt: our god is located thereon)
18	0:53	e cor et vestis forte vales	For [of] heart and armor to prevail,
19	0:59	oro cosis per te	I pray to acquire through you

20	1:26	Vidi vilna(?) ve qui tu ni (alt: ??? re qui tu ni)	See ??? how force you are not (alt: ??? thing that you are not)
21	1:32	il devitra velis nati (alt: vidi vitra vilis nati)	He wants to stray [depart?] children (alt: see worthless old glass?)
22	1:38	e te vernare dis nati (alt: ei te verna veris nati?)	and your offspring (?) of god arise (alt: and you are the true child of spring???)
23	1:43	E suas il? que tera	(??) urge (??) and earth (his own ??? and earth)?

24	1:59	nous vorati velis	We strive to devour (alt: [You] strive to devour us)
25	2:02	nos voreni vertos	We turned the wind (?)
26	2:05	is torinos vetato (?) (alt: is stori nos vetaro)	We overthrow its swelling??? (alt: he forbids us to rest?)

Line-by-line translation notes

We're off to a rocky start. It is possible that "lav illi" (or "lav illae", as it more clearly sounds like) is one word, or two words split differently. I can't find "lav" in a standalone dictionary, but Google translates it to "lay". As in like, lay down / defeat? Alternative possibilities are lavillae ("lava, diminutive") or maybe lavi + illae ("wash" + "that / those") but that doesn't seem to make sense. An alternative could be labillae ("disaster / dishonor / landslip / fault") and this seems the most plausible and despite the -ill- suffix (diminutive) seeming out of place, we'll go with it. Google's Latin language model is of very limited help - for instance, "vos te vede" translates to "You will phpBB", which is clearly wrong. (Yes, I know the Romans had relatively "advanced" technology, but *damn*...). I could also see vides ("look / see / seem") being vetes ("forbid / reject / prevent") but vides makes more sense? I am not sure if "vetes" is supposed to agree with "nos" or with "te" (probably nos?) but I'm out of ideas.
This one is surprisingly messy. "Nostri" (we) could be "nos te" (we you); "seda" (calm, restrain [verb]) could be "se da" (-selves give), or sita ("positioned / situated / centered upon"). And "deoritis" could be a combination of many things: * deo + redis - "god" + "return" [verb] * deo + ridis / rinis - "god" + "thing / event / cause" * deo + runas - "god" + "dart" * deorines - drain / swallow down * deorunis - "uninjured". Prior transcriptions suggest this, but I do not hear the "u" sound, nor do I know where Google got the definition from. Putting it all together, "nostri seda deo redis" seems tempting, because it would mean "our restrained god returns" or something. But, "seda" is a verb, and I am not sure if there is a noun equivalent that sounds similar. Another possibility is "nostri se da deo redis" - "we give/devote/surrender ourselves to god return". The word da means a lot of things, and the conjugation is important, too. Apparently, "da" is the 2nd person singlar form of "do/dare/dedi/datus", and "nos" (we) would be the 1st person plural, so that doesn't seem to fit? So we can try "nos te se da deo redis", or roughly "we selves give [to] you return [of] god"? This too seems a bit ambiguous, but at least "da" now agrees (??) with "te", both being 2nd person singular? Maybe the 2nd person singular subject is implied, like "[You] give us "? Latin has flexible word order, but it "tends to" follow subject-object-verb (ie, "we saw him" -> "we him saw"), so "nos te [se] da" seems consistent with this, with the inflected "te" in the middle and the verb at the end? I am not sure how much it makes sense to have "se" where it is, but deep gramatical knowledge is really really beyond me here. A linguist I am not.
I am not sure if "revirnst" is even a word (or if here's even a "t" at the end). Possibilities include some inflection of revires ("re-" and "strength/powemight/violence"), or revierns ("re-" + "lively or vigorous"; maybe "reinvigorated / revived"). I considered "revierns ta" vs "revienst a" but "ta" isn't a word? On the other hand, I am pretty confident in "a cis perlos orbiti". Cis (is pronounced with a "ch") refers to "*this* side of something" (as opposed to "the *other* side"). For "perlos orbiti", Google (and prior translations) give us "burning world". I believe "a" is a preposition meaning "from" and such. So, "revive from the [near side of] the burning world?" Not sure what the "e" is doing there; it could be "ei" as an exclamation, or as a pronoun ("of")? Google sometimes just ignores this. It is also possible that the first word here is "e", which acts as a pronoun and maybe joins this with the next line. So maybe the combined meaning would be something like "[of] the return from the burning world [is] what exhausts the endowment of my heart of death". But that's a lot of assumptions...
The first part is really hard to make out here. The transcription of conteri dota ("waste / exhaust", "endow") is probably wrong. There might be another consonant in there somewhere, but I can't put my finger on it. I originally thought this might be quampridem but that seems like a stretch too (Whitaker actually breaks this into two words). I could also see the end being "sui / se", or "mortis / morte", or something else entirely. Google and a more generic Latin dictionary give vastly different meanings here.
I was inclined to go with "vos te vedi", but it looks like "vos" and "te" are two different forms of "you" - the first being the plural (or polite) form, and the second being the singular (or casual) form. French / Spanish / Russian (and others) have something similar. So for "vos" to be the subject and "te" to be the object just doesn't seem to make sense? So, going with "que", which sounds equally possible. Google gives us the translation here.
There's that word again, "deorunis". The "n" in this line is more pronounced. Google's pronunciation pronounces it a bit differently, but it sure fits nicely this time around. I'll just go with the Google Translate version here, but see point #2.
Another line with lots of ambiguity and possibilities. This is the best I can come up with, though that's not saying much. I am least sure of vestis, though I suppose "vestis forti" could mean "strong clothes" or I suppose "armor". Then, vales could be an inflected form of "valeo", which is a verb meaning to "be strong / powerful / successful; to prevail". Especially given the line that follows, it would make sense for her to ask of such things from the gate, even though the combination of manual translation and Google makes this come off a bit wonky. I suppose vales could be valos ("stake / pole / point"; maybe "spear" / polearm?) but vales makes more sense because it's a verb, and Latin *prefers* Subject-Object-Verb structure (though this is by no means guaranteed). Similarly, forti ("strong") could be forte ("fortunate") or, more likely "forte" could actually be an inflected form of "forti", in context. If I had an intuition for how these inflected forms work, this would be far easier...
This one seems straightforward. The line is repeated in the second track, but changed to "oro corsis per te" ("I pray to acquire through you"). Both seem to fit.
Lots of ways to transcribe this one, which changes the meaning quite a bit. Google (and prior translations) tell us "voreni" = "pushed", and attempts have translated this line as "we pushed the wind".Other candidates for the second word could be: * vorati ("swallow / devour") * vereni ("spring-time of life") * veredi ("horse / hunter") * vereti ("ver + eti", "advance" + "spring" ???). And the third word could be: * petis ("to attack") * ventis ("wind") * vetes ("to forbid") ... so "nous vereni vedes" would get us to "we forbid/reject/prevent the spring-time of life")? That... actually seems plausible, except if "vetes" is a verb, it is the 2nd-person singular form of "veto", which doesn't fit with "nos" (and it is also the subjunctive mood, as in wishful thinking or imagining, but that might be okay). Unless again, the 2nd person pronoun can be implied? Some languages allow this, but what about Latin? I could see "voreni" or "veredi", depending on which filter settings I use. I could also see "petis" ("to attack") being thematically relevant, but like "vetes", this is the 2nd person singular form ("you [singular] attack") and doesn't fit with "nos" ("we").The other strange thing is the first word sounds like "nous" rather than "nos". Google translates this as "us" rather than "we" (an inflected form?). So maybe the verb really *is* a 2nd person singluar verb, and "tu" (subject) is omitted/implied, and "nous" is the object? But I do not see "nous" on the list of pronouns, so ..... ? I am completely out of ideas for this line (and largely the one that follows). I'm just going to go with one, even if I don't like any of them.
Prior transcriptions give this as "nos voreni vontos" and Google seems to think "vontos" is a word, but I can't find it in other sources. Could be anyone's guess. The closest thing I can find is an inflection of fantum ("temple") but that clearly sounds like it starts with a 'v', right? I must defer to earlier transcriptions / translations for this one. On the other hand, if we go with vorati ventus ("devour"), ("wind"), we actually get somthing plausible. OLD gives a possible definition for vorati as "perfect participle masculine plural", which *maybe* might be the "we" form of "voror", but linguistics is not my strong point. I guess "perfect" would mean like, "we [fully] devoured the wind" but I am probably grasping at straws again.
There's "portis" ("[of] gate") again, so we're hopefully on the right track. Earlier transcriptions use "nos vorenos" ("we pushed") but I am still not sure where Google is getting "vorenos" from. I can't find this in OLD or in Whitaker. An alternative could be verenos maybe, and at least that's more of a word? Plugging "nos verenos porte cis" into Google Translate actually gives us something reasonable, but I am a little disinclined to drop the previous translation quite yet. So, take your pick. Google helpfully gives us "are" in this translation; I know in some languages the present-tense form of "to be" ("am/are") can be omitted. If nothing else, their language model is hopefully recognizing this properly.
Another line where there is much difficulty isolating the words. Somewhat arbitrarily, that is what we come up with. We start with "id est" ("he / that" + "is") but it could involve dies ("day, time, age") instead. The next thing I cannot make out, but the pronoun ea (nominative she) seems like as good a guess as any. Then par ("equivalent", in this case, "for??") could make sense. I suppose labe ("disaster, landslip, dishonor, blemish, stain, fault") could also be lape ("stone"). Both are nouns. I kind of like "labe" better because we (think?) we saw labillae earlier. Come to think of it, "labe" could mean "dark" in this context, which seems to fit? If this is right, the only thing I can think of for the ending is dis, meaning "[to/of] god". I thought I heard an "n" and a "t" at the end, but I can't find ways to make them fit. We'll just go with it.
Can't make out the first part. I think "ille" is an inflected form of a third-person pronoun, meaning "he" or "that one". I think "peste" means "plague" or "disease" or some such. At least it seems somewhat thematically appropriate. I am least certain of ii ("pass [time]") here.
This one could go so many different ways; I am 99% sure this is wrong. Here, "orbitis" is an inflected form of "orbiti" ("world"), meaning that "world" is an object of some action. And if "alia" is right, it might be talking about [something being done to] the "other world", which could be a stretch but at least it fits thematically. There is ambiguity between camur ("curved / having such horns") / canur (something about dogs) / canor ("song") and alia ("other") and talia ("such"). Or it could be "eli talia". I don't know where Google found "canur" - I can't find it anywhere else.
This could be "allisero" ("to crush / bruise") or it could be "ali sano", which would mean "to nourish / cure / heal". I can't make out which one it is.
We start to see repetition of the first track, except it changes from "nos te" to "vos se", meaning (I think) it goes from "we [did something to] you" to "you [plural] [did something to] yourself". The next word seems to be a form of "vidi / vide", meaning "to see". So, this line parallels the first track but goes from "we saw you" to "you saw yourself". I can't make out what follows, but "ille / illae" seems to be a pronoun (again, assuming I'm right about word boundaries). I can't figure out what comes before it, though.
It sounds like "nostri" becomes "notre", except although "notre" is a thing in French, I can't find a Latin equivalent. Maybe the "s" is hard to hear this time around?
Seems to be unchanged from the previous track, but is still equally hard to make out. At least they sound consistent. I guess vales ("to be strong; to prevail") could also be valos ("stake / pole / point / [spear]")? I kind of like "vales" because it is at the end, which is a little more consistent with the generally more common S-O-V order.
Here again, "per portis" changes to "per te", changing the meaning from [I pray to acquire it] "through the gate" to "through you". Seems logical.... and at the very least, it helps establish the point of view of the speaker, and in some sense, the audience.
Vidi / vedi is probably "look / see / looked / saw", but I cannot figure out what comes after. The word boundaries are difficult here, as always. "Vilna" isn't a word, and neither is anything close that I can find. If we pick different work boundaries, we could break it up as "??? nate qui tu ni" ("son that you are not") but I can't come up with a reasonable candidate for the first word. Maybe "e te vel nave qui tu ni", or maybe "??? re qui tu ni" ("??? thing that you are not")? But I am still missing the first few words.
Not sure if this is "vidi vitra" or if there is a pronoun + "devitra". Pretty sure "vitra" means "glass" of some sort, and the "vedi" before it means "look / see". But I cannot make out what comes after. Whitaker parses devitra as a single word (root+suffix), meaning "instrument / means / place [of] detour / stray / depart". But I can't find references to this anywhere else; WORDS uses a root/suffix approach to potentially parse "words" that weren't ever actually used. It is very likely wrong, but I'll go with it...
I think "e te" means "of your", and then we have verna, which is an inflected form of several possible words, from "slave", to "spring", to "revive, awaken, flourish". I guess the exact source word depends on the context, and what agrees with what we already have. But it may as well mean "your slaves see a ship". I suppose vernare could fit, but it could also be verna + re ("thing). I am guessing the rest is dis + nati, which fits the title of the song at least (and it helps that the verb is at the end). Another possibility is veris ("true, real, genuine, actual").
I am out of ideas here. suas could mean "to sew", or it could be a pronoun ("his/her own"), or it could be suasi ("to warn / foretell"). Furthermore, "tera" or "terra" sounds more like "kira" or "qui ra". Both are nonsense? The rest is anyone's guess.
This may as well mean "we eat curtain". Running out of ideas on the whole "voreni" thing. Possible candidates are "varati" (related to "bend/curve"), veredi ("horse / hunter"), "veriti" ("to revere / respect"), "vorati" ("to swallow / devour"), "viridi" ("green / grass"). Your guess is as good as mine.
I am not sure that "voreni" is a word. I am not sure where Google is even getting parts of it from. The closest single thing I can find is "vorati", meaning "to swallow / devour [completely]". Appropriately ominous, I guess?
I originally left this one largely to Google, and originally it translated "es tor inas verta" into "You laid aside for this purpose". I guess es could mean "to be" or "to eat/destroy", which is relevant but I gotta make the rest of it fit. Using different letter grouping and an alternative source, I think what I have now makes slightly more sense. Still, it's probably wrong. The last syllable is particularly hard to make out.

Overall notes

Latin is a highly inflected language, meaning that words can take on many forms, depending on context. English has a little bit of inflection with words like "he / him" or "who / whom", depending on what role the pronoun plays in context. Well, in Latin, it's not just the pronouns changing forms, but *nouns* and adjectives too. And they could have something like 5-6 different forms, which have to agree, and change depending on what kind of action is being performed on an object. There are also two forms of "you", kind of like in French. It's a bit hard to explain in English, but this sort of thing happens in many other languages, like Spanish, Russian, etc. Hungarian cranks the level inflection up to eleven. On the other hand, Chinese has virtually none of it.
Because of the inflections, the word order in a sentence can be flexible - that is, you can say the words in any order, and the subject and object become obvious from the endings. That said, Latin "generally" follows a Subject-Object-Verb order (whereas English uses Subject-Verb-Object).
In order for the translation to make sense, the noun/adjective inflections have to agree with the verbs, tenses, and forms involved. But, since I don't know any *actual* Latin, I cannot intuitively tell if they line up. We can look this stuff up, cross-check it, and (likely need to) alter the transcription, but I am out of ideas for tonight.
I've largely ignored verb mood, tense, and to some extent, person, in my "translation" (ie, verb variations like see / seen / saw / had seen / would have seen, etc) so in some places the meaning could be off because of this. I'd be down to do a grammar cleanup pass, but I'm not sure the transcription is accurate enough to warrant it. So it would be nice to hear from others first.

Final thoughts

I am seriously hoping that someone with an *actual* knowledge of Latin will come along, and put my "translation" completely to shame, tell me all the million of ways I'm wrong, and provide a corrected version. But then at least we'll know what it means.

If you've managed to read all the way to the bottom, I am truly impressed.
EDIT: minor formatting fixes; realized "re" = "thing" and updated accordingly

[English > Japanese, (Mexican Spanish), German, Mandarin, Russian, Korean, French, Biblical/Modern Hebrew, Modern Standard/Egyptian Arabic, Koine/ModernGreek, Italian, Portuguese] Will Natives of these languages be so kind as to translate my self-introduction/bio into their language, please?

I'm focussed on 3 languages at the moment: Japanese, Spanish and German. I would say I'm close to intermediate, but not quite there yet. I can read and pronounce everything pretty well.
But I have also taught myself Chinese pronunciation, the Russian, Hebrew, Arabic, Korean, Greek Alphabets; some French, Italian and Portuguese, just so I don't have to go through that process when I decide to start really learning those languages in the future.
I have constructed a intentionally detailed self-introduction/bio in English to recite to myself everyday just so I can improve the fluidity of my speaking. I need someone to translate my introduction. I have attempted this on my own, but I will avoid including all of the different translations I've done here, and leave you with the English one.
Sorry if this is too long. And if anyone here thinks this is not a good way to practice the languages, please refrain from telling me so. It may well be in your opinion, but keep it to yourself, this is how I would like to practice the languages. Also, sorry if that sounded rude, it wasn't intentional. People have told me this is a horrible idea before and refused to translate for me. So here I am.

Thanks in advance to anyone who takes on this challenge! I really would appreciate it greatly! No rush!

Please Translate the following text into your language:
1: [ Hello! My name is _______, but you may call me ___ for short! I’m 28-years-old, and I’m a US Citizen. I was born in Kansas City, Missouri and raised in a small city called Saint Joseph, in the state of Missouri with my two younger brothers. I currently live in Kansas City, Missouri, with my youngest brother, my dad, and our four cats. My other brother lives about 20 minutes away from us with his girlfriend. And our mom lives about 20 to 30 minutes away from us on her own. ]

2: [ Music is a big part of my life; I grew up listening to rock music such as Nirvana, Weezer, and the Ramones which inspired me to become a rock musician. I love to travel and meet new people, and as a professional musician, I'm able to tour and meet new people from all over the world! I currently sing and play guitar in a rock band called ______ with my two brothers and we have traveled traveled to many countries outside of the United States with our dad as our band manager. ]

3: [ I love learning new languages and learning about different cultures. I’m primarily learning three languages which include Japanese, Spanish, and German, but I also taught myself how to read and write in Chinese, Russian, Korean, Hebrew, Arabic and Greek.

4: [ I'm learning Japanese because I've been a big fan of Japanese Anime since I was a young teen, which eventually lead me to become interested in Japanese Music and other parts of Japanese culture. I'm a big fan of Japanese bands such as The Pillows, Asian Kung-Fu Generation, Sambomaster, Sakanaction, YUI, Hikaru Utada, and many others! I also think Japanese is just a really cool sounding language, and I really want to learn it! For the longest time it had been my dream to visit Japan, and in 2014 I was able to not only visit Japan, but also perform in Japan in front of thousands of Japanese people at a festival called "Punk Spring Fest" with my band! I also got to test my Japanese skills with real Japanese people! It felt amazing! I really would love to visit Japan again! We were only there for about 4 days. One of those days we spent in Akihabara. We saw people dancing and singing in the street in full cosplay, we got to visit some anime shops! It was so cool, but being there for only 4 days was such a tease! Hahah! ]

5: [ I'm also learning Spanish. I'm learning Spanish because I think it's an important language to learn considering that I live in the United States and there are a lot of Spanish speaking people living here. I want to be able to know what they are saying and make them feel comfortable and welcomed here in this country, and I think one way to do that is by speaking to them in their own language! I also like the sound of Spanish. Mexican Spanish in particular. ]

6: [ I started learning German a few years ago because I wanted to be able to connect and speak with my German fans in their own language. I've been to Germany a few times. A few years ago, I toured with a German Punk band called "WIZO," and I met a lot of German people during that tour. It was so much fun. And the people were so nice! German people really know how to rock out! And they take really good care of bands that come through to perform in their country. I'm also interested in German music. Some of my favorite German bands include WIZO, Die Ärtzte, Rammstein, Farin Urlaub Racing Team, Nichts and Bilderbuch just to name a few. I also like the way the German language sounds, and I think that German grammar is interesting. ]

7: [ My inital intentions for learning Mandarin Chinese was for political reasons. I thought it would be an important language to learn because of the relationship between China and America, I still think it's a good language to learn because of that reason, but as I started learning more of the language, the more I became fascinated with it as a language. I like how the syntax is similar to English. And how you don't have to conjugate verbs. One other reason I intend to learn Chinese is because I also have friends who are Chinese that I really would like to speak with in Mandarin Chinese. ]

8: [ Russian is one of those languages I started learning for similar reasons why I started learning Chinese. Because I think it's an important language to learn considering the political relaitonship it has with America. I want to be able to read the Russian news and see what they are saying about us. ]

9: [ I intend on learning Biblical Hebrew, Classic Arabic, and Koine Greek, simply because I want to eventually read the Torah, the Quran, and the Septuagint. I'm not religious, but I'd like to be able to read the texts for myself. I also want to learn the modern versions of the languages so I can speak with natives. ]

10: [ Korean is a language that I want to learn because both my girlfriend and I want to visit South Korea one day. We both like K-Pop Artists/Groups such as BTS, TXT, ITZZY, Red Velvet, Sunmi and Black Pink. My girlfriend is focused on learning Korean more than I am at the moment, but once I become intermediate in my main 3 languages, I want to start working on learning Korean. ]

11: [ My goal, for now, is to become able to speak comfortably and confidently in my primary three languages of choice before delving further into the other languages on my list. Of course, ultimately, I want to become fluent in each language! ]

12: [ Some of my other interests include reading, health, history, science, religion (and no, I’m not religious), anime, video games, and art. ]
END!

conjugation english verbs list video

English verbs Conjugation. More than 6,500 conjugated English verbs. The leading conjugator for English verbs. A true verb conjugation dictionary. English Irregular Verbs. Verb Simple Past Past Participle. to abide abode / abided abode / abided / abidden. to alight alit / alighted alit / alighted. to arise arose arisen. to backbite backbit backbitten. to backlight backlit backlit. to backslide backslid backslid / backslidden. to be was / were been. to bear bore born / borne. to beat beat beaten. to become became become. to befall befell ... Here you will find 1000+ common verbs list with example sentences and ESL printable worksheets (in alphabetical order, by their grammatical functions, and by activity) One of the most important parts of a sentence when using the English language-or any language for that matter, is the verb. These words are used to tell the listener or reader what action is being performed by the subject of the ... list verb conjugation to all tenses, modes and persons. Search the definition and the translation in context for “ list ”, with examples of use extracted from real-life communication. Similar English verbs: seat, rent, volunteer. Conjugate also blast, peak, hinge, second, pre-empt, puzzle, sow, contest, apologise, partake. Conjugate an English verb with Reverso Conjugator at all tenses: indicative, past tense, participle, present perfect, gerund. See list of irregular verbs in English and conjugation models. English verb TO LIST conjugated in all forms, with full audio, irregular highlighting, negative forms and contractions. Toggle navigation. English . English Home; Verbs; Vocabulary; Blog; Resources; Courses; Log In; English. Select your English level To personalize your experience. Beginner Intermediate Advanced I'm a Teacher. Thank you! Home; English; Verbs; To List Conjugation; To List ... English verb conjugation English is spoken by 322 million native speakers in United Kingdom, Ireland, USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa etc. In addition to these, English is the official language of many former British colonies. Download this list as a PDF. English Common Irregular Verbs. SEND ME THE PDF > Categories English Post navigation. Learn How To Sound Like an American – Use Contractions in Speech. How to Learn English Fast. 84 thoughts on “An English Irregular Verb List — Free PDF Download” Anonymous. October 15, 2016 at 4:16 am . Hey, what an informative and impressive post. Helped me a lot with my ... 100 Most Common English Verbs List. This is a list of the 100 most common verbs in English. If you are learning English it would be useful to learn these popular verbs first. Click though to see full conjugation tables of each verb. Irregular verb forms are in red English conjugation. Use the bab.la English verb conjugation and find the conjugation of your preferred English verb quickly and easily. All you have to do is type the English verb into the search field of the bab.la English verb conjugation and click "Conjugate". You'll get all the English conjugation of the English verb immediately. Of course you can also use the bab.la verb conjugation for other languages. Just go to the main bab.la verb conjugation page and select your preferred language ...

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